高效解题密招四个解题步骤（一）通读全文，了解大意 既然是利用短文在语境中考语 法,那么，我们在解题前一定要快速 浏览短文,了解全文大意。这一步非 常重要。（二）分析语境，试填答案读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的 语境（也就是上下文）去填空。具体注意以下几点1.从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中作何种句子成分，从而推断出它的词 性，如缺主语或宾语，填词应为代词。2根据句子意义的完整性，去确定填一个表 示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等。3.根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具 体要填哪个关联词。具体方法见“解题思路大（三）重读全文，解决难题在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推 敲难题，此时难题也就不再难了。（四）复原短文，检查核对所有空格填好后，将答案放入原 文把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。解题思路大全解答语法填空的基本功是懂得句子的结构分析，善于把握上下句之间的逻 辑关系。以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。（一）纯空格题的解题技巧是指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题，这类题通常只考代词、冠词、关 联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词何时填冠词何时填关联词何时填介词呢1人称代词 人称代词当句子缺主语或宾语时，填因为作主语或宾语的是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格题一般是不要求考生填名词 的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填人称代 词。此时，要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是 事物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数；还有可 能是填形式主语或形式宾语it,替代后面作真 正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句；也 有可能是填不定代词等。例1 2014Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation Some ofmy fiends who had been there before said 16was a wonderful holidaydestination 解析在said后的宾语从句中缺主语f应填代词;指代前句中的Miami f填it。L例z（zuiz）uo you need tnose glasses for medical reasons the teacher asked..“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.Then he took 25off,gave a big sirtiteond said,“That is cooL解析因took off （脱下）缺少宾语，应填代词； 根据上文Do you need those glasses.“Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them f 可 知应填替代those glasses的them。they例3 2011Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes 22walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed解析因but后的并列句中缺主语f应填代词；根据语境,不难推出,走开并坐到我 附近的应是他后面的那些人，即other people，指人f是复数f作主语f应当填they。。1宙3屮）甌，硏匾部連fig爭回羽旬型虽巨細日（舉量）叭1回呃唏钗国 *搦财8 昭| opueaJdnoA pip Xq/v 冋佃 sbm jae/v 8屮 “s” uaqoeai siq pa|se9H0l-0乙财2限定词在名词或形容词名词”前,填 限定词限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确 定空格的语境意义，由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，大体相当于汉语的“这、这些、那、那些”时用the；表示“一（个,本，座广时 用不定冠词；表示“某人的或某物的乃,用物主 代词；表示一些fflsome,義示身一个” 用another,表示其他的”用other等。例5 2014She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23the top floor.解析特指在顶楼on the top floor尸。very small amount of例6 2013 In the beginning,there was only 24 unfairness in the world..a解析在形容词名词（small amount尸前一定是填限定词;因a small amount of （很 少量的）是固定词组，故填a。顺便提提z a large amount of意为大量的f后通常接 不可数名词。例7 2010 A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water.3Hhe water was sweet.解析在名词前应填限走语；特指前面提到的clear water f相当于这种清泉r 故填The。例8 2010The young man went home with a happy heart After the student left,the teacher let another 36 student taste the water.解析作let宾语的名词前f应填限走词;相对于送水的这个学生the student来说f 应是给他的另外一个学生尝一尝,故填another。例9 2008 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty 9601279 was very anxious to help 33rice crop grow up quickly解析在作宾语的名词前，应当填限定词；由句意和常识可知，这个急性子的人急于使 他自己的禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词his。例10 2007...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pullit to 35a_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage解析作宾语的名词small town前应填限走语;由句意可知f此处指将车拉到离那里大 约有20公里远的一个小镇去修,表示一个,用不定冠词,small以辅音开头f故 填a。3介词当空格后的名词或动名词不是作主语、表语也不是作动词的宾语时，应为 介词的宾语，故填介词此时，要根据搭配的需要或句意的需要，如动词与介词的搭配，介词与后面名 词的搭配等来确定填具体哪个介词。alrfeciy been charged 21 the解析因chargefor伪收费）是习惯搭配，故填for。例 11 2014 I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had reservation a lower price例12 2013 The only reason a man would sell salt 21 would be because he was desperate for money.at解析a lower price这个名词短语在句中不作主语.表语,也不作动词的宾语,应是作 介词的宾语,因此,应填介词；表示以某种价格，用介词at。例13 2013 And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22the sweat and struggle of the man whoworked very hard to produce it.短语f填for。for解析因show respect for sb./sth.WW是例14 2012The new boy looked ata few seconds解析表示某个动作或某种状语延续 了多久 用for 时间段 故填for。4.关联词当空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词具体填哪个关联词，由两句之间的逻辑关系来决定。有时空格前后是对等的两个词或词组时.也可能是填表示联合、选择、转折、对比、因果等的并列连词。例15 2014...our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,19for theweek after.解析因not...but...（不是后的那一周o而是）是固定句型意为”预订的不是那周,而是之例 16 2014 I didnt understand 20this wouldhappen..解析引导宾语从句f表示这件事发 生的原因f故填why。where例17 2014 The next day,my brother and I went to the beach,24wewatched some people play volleyball解析先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作状语”故填where on which and on the beach and there引导定语从句。州半wws假wtt SM9NYDIQ 农 旺半s痉煩 亠樁讯纟呢同一NpeMselIPslsag SM9N 綻八-142san6 ozs 麻谴 p-noQ Aa一七 A-de 匸 0 aioui l-es Anq -Ou p-noJZs A 一|一Aijm poMseco 口 esauoo0 peau peg 00Alnanb SM9N 2LO08惹例19 2013 Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it neither too much 17too little.nor解析因neithernor是固定搭配，故填nor。旬睜虽亘細忑OP41EW 虽亘書凹吕PdepuoM囱呃丑f囱鞠沃旬型回麹洪早程回乙呈鯉去EO理書op PinoM Aoq aijjpajapuoM sjuapnjs jaqio ai|||eg 出搦op pinoM Xoq eqi”乙 pjpuoM siuepnis2inoeiui|E（乙lo乙）03041例21Mary,222012Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at made her feel like a star.which解析指代前面整句话的意思,又在句中作主语，用关系代词which引导限制性定语 从句。例22 2011My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with msntifthe bus arrived.解析表示直到用until f引导 时间状语从句。例23 2008 One day,he came up with an idestlSSthe wouldpluck up all of his crop a few inches.解析空格后是同位语从句f说明idea 的具体内容；从句的结构和意义已非常 完整j故用that。-给词题的解题技巧U是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，通常考查谓语动词时态、被动语态、语气、主谓一致、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转 化等四种情况。1谓语动词当句子缺少谓语动词时.括号中的动词就是谓语动词此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态，还要考虑主谓一致，以及是否要用虚拟语气。were told例24 2014 We 18tell that our rooms hadnt been reserved forthat week..解析由tell sb.sth.这一句型可知f句中tell后没有别的人作宾语f可知用被动语态；又 由上下文的时态可知,用一般过去时；主谓是we f构成被动语态的be用were f故填were told0例25 2013 Suddenly,he 16Nick called to his sonfind that he had runfQUDdf salt.So解析在主格人称代词he后f that引导的宾语从句之前.find应是谓语动词；由上 文的invited和下文的called可判断find应用一般过去时f故填found。例26 2012He walked in as if hellgd bought buy the school.解析因在主格he后f buy走是谓语动词；又由as if （好像）及语境可知,要用虚拟语 气；与过去事实相反f故瓊had boughtresult in the con 又因突然出现在班里与戴着眼镜是同时发生的，he与wea収是主动关系r故用 现在分词短语，作伴随状语，故填wearing。迪3022三 noticed a man 18 silgng Siu a 二 he f ronr*弱弗-ea遍SM越 nsiced、因兵 “ 田画鬧凹 畀 noUce sb doing/d。sihmml料 *叶專/聲7料删凹査、igssingsii 0鞠0匸 M 另诵潇庄 i 爲Hmsr 3 警 砌 n 3、sigsEingll诵鄆 删目和罰宜删幷吕。例31 2009 She wished that he was as easy 3 please please as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume解析因句中已有谓语waseasy（系动词加表语构成谓语）,动词please（使高兴）应为非 谓语动词；在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式，故填to pleaseo3 比较等级一当括号中所给词是 形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是 形容词或副词时，很可能填该词的 比较级（或最高级）要善于分析语境，辨别省略了 than的隐性比较级。植ncyKwnH-、、服呈同 peg pen炮起田-於帑去旺瞪护冋掘唱耿氐八晅|1旺擁理WS粪半ew MSS 至 e ueeq pe ai 匸一 pss zs p 1UOJ 匸二e ueiu -nq A_e 卜 l sllcolu xa uole/u saino peiu peij m 寸 L02 Ze 專.2_e例33 2012 It might have madeit a littl帘hard for every bo砂解析因made it后作宾补f要用形容词；而hard作困难的解本身就是形容词f 所以应考虑用其比较级；又由a little常用来修饰比较级f故填harder。例34 2040“The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39 sweet.”sweeter解析在be后作表语f用形容词f而括号中所给的sweet正是形容词,因此无需词性 转化,可想到用其比较级；由语境可知,这是省略了than the wate啲隐性比较级f 故填sweeter。意思是什么也不会比这水更甜f即这水是世界上最甜的东西,否定词比较级形式表示最高级含义。4.词类转化当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化我们可根据以下3点顺利解题作主语或宾语用名词形式；作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。6u-SLIdns w 吧 旺聃-EdQll他崔gwsm半ttcm-fr -3K1aSHdns 204s 寸厂 02 gm 區 A-6udnssunburnt/sunburned例36 2014 We got a little 25sunburn,but the dayhad been so relaxing that we didnt mind解析在表示变化的got后作表语f要用形容词；名词sunburn的形容词形式是 sunburnt 或sunburned。reason thing to do in a例37 2013That would be a very 19 big city reasonable解析在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填。OA_qasodw龟A_q 破材 崔liloE皿 IgliloE旺聃WS粪世 Ags plg后握舉-iAOJlnopo-q 一 ssodA-q 一 ssod 6ee20 lcpmoo 6UH二CBuls e ipns Inm 2LO08eg例39 2012Mary felt 18pleasedplease,because..解析因在系动词后作表语，要用形 容词；表示高兴的 应填 pleasedo例40 2009 But Jane knew from past experience that her 3finoice choose of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词f或者说f在形容词性物主代词后f 定是用名词形式,故填choice。