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如何提升托福写作框架结构

时间:2021-04-23 12:23:36 来源:学生联盟网

托福写作中,尤其是独立写作,我们都会先列出文章的提纲,给出一些写作的基本框架。下面小编就和大家分享如何提升托福写作框架结构,希望能帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。

托福写作提升第一步 如何提升写作框架结构?

一.托福写作框架

托福写作的构思主要是指规划文章的整体框架结构,也就是我们通常说的写提纲。写提纲是为了帮助考生确定并理清自己的思维,在写中间段的时候有话可说,保证充实具体。由于考场上时间有限,考生必须在平时练就快速构思的本领,那么在托福写作中我们的思路应该怎么走呢?

二.关于写作框架的共性问题

发现在准备写作的过程中,学生的一个主要疑问就是觉得自己写的文章不够有特点,不够有意思,不够深奥。由此引发出的一个现象就是学生不敢写自己立刻就想到的,最贴近生活的内容,而总是想着如何创新。这个问题的严重性不容忽视。因为这种两难境地大到开遍布局,小到措辞举例。无处不在。最严重的结果就是学生举步维艰。

三.如何提升拓谷写作框架结构

为了解决这个问题我们不妨先来研究一下学生为什么会产生这种思维。很容易理解,大家都觉得众所周知的内容没有意思,没有新鲜感。即便是应试作文,也确实如此。如果阅卷人读完了全部文章,觉得其内容丝毫没有任何独特之处,任何道理例子都是社会评价体系重复过无数次,或者自己已经熟知的。那必然会觉得有些无聊。一旦他的这种心理被唤醒,很难说这种心理状态不会影响到最后的分数。因为人为给分机制多少都会有主观因素。

于是最直接的想法就是,对这些内容避而不谈。转而去寻求一些深奥、常人通常不懂的内容。但这样做有两个问题。其一是这样的内容应用到文章本身就很困难,要求写作的人知识有积淀,内涵有深度。这是短期培训班无法企及的目标。其二是这样的内容,若处理不当,读起来是很让人痛苦的。因为读者有可能真的不懂。

似乎这个问题到此无法圆满的解决。但其实这是一个错误两难。因为除了常识和深奥的知识,还有一类信息是我们可以用的。即,虽然很普通简单,但是阅卷人并不知道的事情或道理。例如你自己的生活经验,你的阅历体验,你的价值观念,你的喜好与厌恶等等。这些源自生活的感想和经历,说出来别人可以立刻明白,而且不会觉得枯燥无聊。因为他没有这么活过。这和写剧本或者写小说是一样的。其内容本身并没有什么晦涩难懂的,有意思的地方是,即便很平常,它也是你没接触过的生活与思维方式。这样的电影也好,小说也好,文章也好,都能够给人非常鲜活的、再活一次的体验。这样的内容给了读者一次机会去以另外一个个体的视角来审视、理解、解释世界。而这本身就像一次探险。只要有未知,自然就会唤起人们的兴趣。如果我们能充分利用这一点,写出用意思又有特点的作文并不是一件难事。

托福写作提升需要提升写作框架结构,但是不建议大家标新立异去写一些自己驾驭不了的内容。托福写作框架拟定要来源于生活,不与一些模板范文重复即可。希望大家在平时练习写作的时候能够注意这一点。

托福写作模板:社会重要问题能否在有生之年解决

题目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The most importantproblems affecting society will be solved during my lifetime.Use specificreasons and examples to support your answer.

范文1:Argument 1 (for)

Although the problems facing the world today may seem surmountable, I thinkthat some of the most important ones will be solved during my lifetime. Evennow, experts are working on solutions to live healthier lives, to provide foodfor the growing world population, and to equalize the difference betweenadvanced and developing nations.

Health issues are a major concern, and the key to solving them rests inunderstanding how the human body works. We now have unraveled the DNA sequence,which was one of the biggest hurdles to cross. Instead of mysteriousinteractions between chemicals and bodies that seem to produce different resultsevery time, medicine is turning into a black-and-white technologywhere onefactor has a certain response. As we decipher the genetic code, we get better atinterpreting how our bodies will react. Within my lifetime, there will probablybe a cure for cancerand a method for controlling plagues. There will no longerbe victims suffering from degenerative diseases or even mental illnesses.

Another major problem is how to feed the growing world population.Solutions are on the horizonfor both factors involved. One issue is producingenough food, and efficient agricultural practices such as vertical farming andhydroponics are already increasing the food generated per acre. The other factoris to get the food to people who need it. In reality, thousands of pounds ofperfectly acceptable food are disposed of daily. For example, restaurants andcaterers discard unused meals, and farmers with bumper crops let food rot on thevine because it cannot be sold locally.Therefore, if better agriculturalpractices are coupled with better storage and transportation to get the foodwhere it is needed, the problem of feeding the world’s population is solved.

Finally, another pressing concern is the giant rift between advancednations and developing ones. Children in one area have their own bedrooms andsmart phones while children in another area are lacking the necessities of aroof, sanitary water and food, and medical care. This rift can be closed ifcountries work together. Businesses can locate production facilities in poorregions that will benefit from the influx of jobs. If companies subsidizeschools and hospitals, they can increase the educational levels and health oftheir employees, creating a more efficient work force. If governments doeverything possible to facilitate such programs, developing nations will have achance to compete in the modern world.

At first, solving health problems, ensuring for food distribution, andeliminating the gap between rich and poor countries may seem impossible goals.However, I think they will be addressed during my lifetime.

to equalize the difference between A and B 去平衡 A 和 B 之间的差距

a black-and-white technology 一种黑白分明的科技

a cure for cancer 一种治疗癌症的方法

on the horizon 即将来临的,开始显现

let food rot on the vine 让食物在藤上腐烂

be coupled with X 与 X 结合

pressing concern 迫切的问题

the giant rift 巨大的裂痕

范文2:Argument 2 (against)

Technology is increasing at a rapid rate, making it appear as though allthe world’s problems will be solved in the next fifty years. In reality, thereis no way to resolve some of the most important issues facing us today. Therewill continue to be wars, climate change, and pressures of a growing worldpopulation well into the foreseeable future.

To Americans sitting in a comfortable home, war is an abstract, distantthing. However, it is a devastating and very real horror to families facingpersecution and displacement. Children in Yemen need surgery to mend limbsdestroyed by bombs. Bolivians look away as rebels knife a government official.Thousands of Syrians live in tents in a makeshift camp because they lost theirhomes. These tragedies will continue because there is no way to reconcile themoral and ethical differences between groups. It is human nature to reach forpower, so even if the conflicts are reduced in one area, war will emerge in adifferent area as a greedy leader tries to expand his control.

Climate change is another seemingly irrelevant problem at first glance. Itis easy to say that a few degrees of change over fifty or a hundred years is notmuch. However, climate change is an irreversible process that has alreadystarted and will just continue to get worse. There will be more habitat loss,extinctions of species, and drastic natural disasters. Human technology may beable to reduce the damage in some areas, but it cannot return the climate to itsformer conditions.

One last point is the pressures of an increasing world population. As thenumber of people on Earth continues to rise, more pressures are placed on theplanet to support those people. Even with improvements in agriculture, therewill not be enough food to feed everyone. More important, there will not beenough clean water for everyone to drink. With people packed close together,epidemics will spread more quickly. Even the common cold or flu could causesignificant damage to the population in a crowded city. There is no magic curefor these problems, and a system of providing food, water, and medical care toeveryone in the world is unrealistic.

Therefore, the major problems of war, climate change, and population growthwill continue to exist, possibly for as long as human beings exist on Earth.

well into the foreseeable future 在可预见的未来

live in tents in a makeshift camp 住在临时搭建的帐篷里

there is no way to reconcile the moral and ethical differences betweengroups 伦理差异是无法调和的

to reach for power 获得权力

climate change is an irreversible process 气候变化是一个不可逆转的过程

drastic natural disasters 极端自然灾害,特大自然灾害

With people packed close together, epidemics will spread more quickly由于人们挤在一起,流行病转播的更快

托福写作模板:小学生学技术还是艺术

题目:An elementary school wants to increase the time on educating studentstechnology (such as computers), which means that students will have less timefor the study of music and art.

When it comes to spending the time on studying arts and music and the timeon studying technology, which one do you think is better for elementarystudents?

范文1:Argument 1 (for)

I think it is important for elementary students to get a solid grounding intechnology. Technology can help students learn to solve everyday problems, tointeract with others, and to prepare for the working world.

First, technology is part of our everyday life, and becoming increasinglymore so. If students do not know how to use computers, smart phones, andtablets, they cannot function adequately in this changing world. However, thereis more to understanding technology than just typing in a question and readingthe answer. Students must know how to escape from a frozen screen, remove andreset a jammed printer, and install new programs. Students who learn abouttechnology gain the mental flexibility to solve basic problems like these.Instead of being stopped by a challenge, a technologically-aware student triesdifferent ways to work around it. In other words, technology helps prepare astudent to solve problems and face events that do not run exactly asplanned.

Second, technology offers students a chance to interact with other studentsaround the world. Through the internet, students in different countries can seeeach other and talk, or even collaborate on projects. This experience can bringother subjects such as geology to life because the students can talk with peopletheir own age who are living in the place. Interaction can increase interest inskills such as learning a second language or increase awareness about history orart. Working with friends from around the world, the students gain a widerperspective and are less likely to succumb to prejudice and hatred based on raceor nationality. Technology is the key to communication with others around theworld.

Third, technology provides useful skills that are in demand by employers.Companies need employees who can manipulate data and operate machinery. Studentswho have these skills and are ready to work are more likely to be hired thanstudents who do not. Therefore, elementary schools should help prepare studentsfrom an early age so that when they reach high school, they can operatespreadsheets, word processing programs, and specialized equipment. Students whogo beyond the basics and learn to program, design, or assemble technologicaldevices will be even more prepared to compete in the fast-paced workingworld.

It is essential for students to learn about technology so that they cancapably solve problems, interact with others, and start preparing for theworking world.

to get a solid grounding in technology 在技术方面打下坚实的基础

become increasingly more so 变得越来越是如此

the mental flexibility 思维灵活性

a technologically-aware student 一个有技术意识的学生

gain a wider perspective 获得更为广阔的视角

succumb to 屈服于,屈从于

go beyond 超出,超越

范文2:Argument 2 (against)

Children need to have a well-rounded education that includes art and music.Art and music provide many skills that are foundational for further growth anddevelopment, physically, mentally, and emotionally, so they should be consideredan essential part of any elementary school program.

Young children’s bodies are developing and changing very quickly. Arts canhelp children learn to use and control their bodies so that they can master morecomplex tasks in the future. For example, drawing, painting, and calligraphyrequire manual dexterity to control the pencil, brush, or pen. Children studyingthese things can learn to use their hands to complete precise tasks. Musicoffers another example of how children can learn to use their bodies:instruments such as flutes and woodwinds require careful control of breathingcombined with fingering of keys. Arts are fun rather than repetitious, so thesephysical skills are acquired in an enjoyable way.

Arts can also help children improve their memory and concentration.Completing an artwork takes time, sometimes days or weeks, so children mustconcentrate to finish rather than justrushing on to a new activity . Scientificstudies show that if you practice memorizing things such as the process ofknitting or weaving, or the notes to perform a song, you can get better atmemorization in the future. If children learn to focus on one project andmemorize the steps needed to complete it, they will be better able toconcentrate for long periods and complete difficult tasks in the future.

Finally, arts can help children develop emotionally. Arts do not have a“right” and “wrong” answer, so children can explore personal creativity. Theycan feel pride at accomplishing a project that is uniquely theirs. Thisself-esteem can give them confidence to try new activities without fear of“failing” because they made a mistake. Especially considering the pressures ofthe modern world, arts can be an essential outlet to try making somethingbeautiful or fun. Arts provide a balance to the rigid programming of otherelementary school classes such as math and spelling where it is essential togive the one correct answer.

Arts help children develop physically, mentally, and emotionally.Therefore, arts such as music, drawing, and painting are an essential part ofelementary education.

a well-rounded education 全面的教育

manual dexterity 手部灵巧性

rush on to a new activity 匆忙地投入到一项新的活动

arts can help children develop emotionally 艺术可以帮助孩子发展情感

self-esteem 自尊

arts can be an essential outlet to try making something beautiful or fun艺术可以成为创造美 好或有趣事物的重要途径

provide a balance to X 为X提供了平衡

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