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Unit1GettingalongwithothersGrammar教学设计新部编版4

时间:2021-11-14 13:22:48 来源:学生联盟网

精品教学教案设计| Excellent teaching plan教师学科教案20 -20学年度第学期任教学科任教年级任教老师xx市实验学校育人犹如春风化雨,授业不惜蜡炬成灰r - 二rUnit 1 Getting along with others Grammar 教学案 4Teach ing aims Help the stude nts lear n how to use infin itive and verb-i ng as a noun.Step 1 ReviewStep 2 To-i nfin itive and V-ing as a noun一一、动词不定式是一种非谓语形式,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。如 to do,to become等。动词不定式仍保留原来动词的一些特征,如可有自己的宾语、状语、表语等,它们一起构成动词不定式短语,如to do work,to study English hard。可有一般、完成、进行等时态以及主动、被动等语态。现以study为例,列表如下时;态主动被动一般时to studyto be studied完成式to have studiedto have bee n studied进行式to be study ing/二不定式结构的用法动词不定式和不定式短语在句中除了不能作谓语外,可以作任何成分可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语 。1.作主语。1 不定式做主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。

  To find a good job is not easy now.当今找工作可真是不容易。

  To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.汉语。

  学着为我们的未来制定合理的计划非常重要。英语。2 动词不定式短语做主语时,句子往往出现头重脚轻的情况。为了保持句子平衡,这一主 语往往用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语放到后面。因此,上面三句可分别改成。。2.做宾语。不定式做宾语有两种一种是及物动词后直接跟带 to 的不定式,另一种是 “及 物动词 疑问词 带 to 的不定式 ”。1 及物动词 带 to 的不定式结构只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有ask,aim,agree,afford,care,decide,demand,intend,learn,long ,mamageoffer,promise ,happen,determine 等。To our surprise ,he managed to solve the complicated problem 。,他居然设法解决了那个复杂的问题。2动词 疑问代 副 词不定式。这类动词常见的有advise,decide,discuss,forget ,know ,learn,regard,remember,see,teach,wonder 等。常用的疑问代 副 词有 what,when,where,which ,how ,whether 等,但不用 why.总统想知道该如何处理目前的状况。

  The President wondered the present situation.It is you that can decide whether to continue or to stop.3 有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。可以用这一结构动词find ,th ink ,feelit 形容词 不定式,it 作形式宾语。

  I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.我一度认为我们在如此有限的时间内完成这项工作室不可能的。

  由 于 噪 音 ,我 们 发 现 很 难 让 大 家 听 到 我 们 的 声 音 。

  We because of the noise.3.做宾语补足语。

  有些及物动词除要求一个宾语外,还要求一成分做补充说明,这样这个 宾语的行为、状态、特征等意思才相对完整,这个成分称为补足语。

  常见的有 advise,know ,allow,believe,consider,force,guess,want,tempt,persuade等。

  We can tdepend on him to help finish the work.我们把她看做我的一个好朋友。

  We my best friend.4.作定语 .不定式做定语时须放在被修饰的名词、代词或短语之后。常见的要求不定式做 后置定语的名词和代词有 ability ,pity,plan,anxiety,chance,pleasure,refusal,honor,determination 等。

  His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.有许多问题需要解决。。

  注意 1有时序数词 first,second 以及 last,only ,best 与定冠词 the 连用也常要求不 定式做定语。

  这是关于这个主题今年面世的最好的书。

  This is to appear this.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.2不定式做定语,它和它所修饰的词有时在意义上时动宾关系,所以,如果不定式是不及 物动词,其后面应跟必要的介词。请给我一些写字用的纸。

  Please give me some paper to write on.难道这是可骄傲的事吗 Is this something to be proud of 5.作表语。表语在系动词之后,说明或解释主语的内容,也可表示将来的动作。

  He is training to be a national athlete..我们应该意识到得是尽可能保护我们的地球。

  What we should realize is.6.作状语。不定式做状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。

  They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.原因 ..为了掌握英语,你必须在上面花大力气。,you must spend mucheffort on it.目的 现在说什么都晚了。

  It is too late to say anything about it now.7.不带 to 的动词不定式。1 有些及物动词的复合宾语中作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。这些动词往往是一些表示感觉的动词,如 feel,hear,see,watch,observe,notice,listen to,look at 等,和使役动词,如 let,make,have 等。

  Did you notice him leave the house 你注意到他离开那所房子了吗 我经常听他发誓说他要努力学习。。注意当这类结构转移为被动语态时,不定式的符号to 一般要补充上去。2 在 had better ,would rather ,may/might as well ,rather than,cannot but,can htelp but 等 搭配之后,动词不定式也不带 to。3 在介词 but,except 之后,如果其前有实义动词 do 的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带 to,反之则必须带to,表示 不得不,只能”。

  你需要做的事情就是等待恰当的机会。

  All is wait for the right opportunity.I did nothing but watch TV last night.8.动词不定式的时态、语态(1)时态。一般式动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生。如 I hope to become a university student in two years.(to become 发生在 hope 之 后)We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(play 禾口 hear 同时发生 )完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如rm sorry to have kept you wait ing.We are too young to have see n the old society..进行式表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如The teacher happe ned to be correct ing our papers whe n I came in.看上去,他们正在讨论什么重要的事情。They are seemed.(2)语态。如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如Its a great honor to be invited to Marys birthday party.( 不定式作主语)I wish to be sent to work in the country.( 不定式作宾语 )Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (不定式作定语 )He went to the hospital to be exam in ed.(不定式作状语 )在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如There are still manythings to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,女口 These is nothingto do now.(We have nothing to do no w.)There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(二)动名词与其短语的构成。一、动名词是另一种非谓语形式,由动词原形-ing构成,没有人称和数的变化,但有语态变化,并有一般式和完成式。时主动被动一般式doi ngBeing done完成式Having doneHaving bee n done、动名词(短语)的用法。动名词(短语)在句中的作用类似于名词,可作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语和定语等。1.做主语。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。

  Reading is an art.。

  It is no use crying over a spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣的没有用的。2.做宾语。1 作谓语动词的宾语。

  以下词只能接动名词作宾语,女口 admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy ,finish ,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,mind,等。如 I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.2 作介词的宾语。

  动词的 -ing 形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关,常见的几种搭配形式有 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.动词 介词结构 Our chemistry teacher has a stra nge way of maki ng his class lively and in teresti ng.名词 介词结构 I am tired of having the same food every day.形容词 介词结构3 部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。

  如 begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want 等。另,在 need,require,want 后接 -ing 形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用 被动形式,如 Your handwriting needs improving to be improved.hate ,love,like 接不定 式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。4 advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit 等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语,意义差别不大。5部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。

  如 forget,remember,regret 后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生; mean to do、mean doing 意味着 ;try to do 设法尽力做某事 / try doing ; stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事不定式作目的状语stop doing停止做某事;cant help doing禁不 住/can t help tdo; go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事/ go on doing继续不停地做某事。3.做定语。动名词做定语,往往表示被修饰词的用途、功能、作用。a walking stick a stick for walkinga washing machine a machine for washing4.动名词的时态、语态1 时态 。一般式 动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前 、之后。如 We are interested in collecting stamps./ I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如Imagine having travelled on the moon.。2 被动语态。

  如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词 的被动语态有一 般式与完成式之分。如The young man came in without being noticed.He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.有些动词后的动名词用主动形式,但表示被动意义。如The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing ,it is worth doing well.Step3 rcises for consolidation.从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.She said she___ her uncle very much and hoped him.hearing from D.misses ,hearingA.missed ,to hear from B.missed ,to hear C.misses,2.a living ,she had to work from morning till night.A.To makeB.madeC.MakingD.To have made3.Mrs Brown regretted his son.A.beatedB.beatingC.beatD.beaten4.I often hear him ___about the great writer.A.to talkB.talkC.speakingD.to tell5.Missing the last bus means___ home.A.to walkB.walkingC.walked D.walk6.Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard.A.study B.to study C.studied D.studying7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just alook at the sports starts.A.hadB.having C.to have D.have8.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him __.A.not toB.not to do C.not do itD.do not9.I didnt hear you come in last night.Thats good.We tired ___ noisy.A.not toB.to be not C.to beD.not to be10.I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring.Yes,we are planning .A.toB.to beC.itD.to do it11.I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed12.The light in the office is still on.Oh ,I forgotA.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it off13.I would appreciate back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you re calling14.How about the two of us a walk down the garden A.To takeB.take C.takingD.to be taking