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【《古希腊神话故事》10000字】关于古希腊神话的故事20字

时间:2020-01-19 09:25:47 来源:学生联盟网
作文一:《古希腊神话故事》10000字

古希腊神话故事

班级:351030   学号:35103017   姓名:娄文进

著名学者罗素曾经说过:希腊文化、基督教和工业文明是西方文明的三大支

柱。的确,古希腊文明一直被世人视为是西方文明的摇篮。古希腊神话与传说,一直与《圣经》一样,是西方文学创作的不竭源泉,古希腊的城邦制、民主制度等政治上的首创,影响着文艺复兴以来西方的政治改革等,而它遗留至今的各种艺术及艺术品,是人类历史上最为璀璨的明珠之一。任何要了解西方文明的人都无法不先去了解一下古希腊文明。因为如此,本学期我选择了学习“艺术导论”这门课程。

古希腊神话故事充满智慧和神奇的色彩,讲述的是宙斯统制天国时期围绕诸

神和英雄们发生的曲折跌宕的故事,主要包括神的故事和英雄的传说。在他们的神话故事中有着形形色色的人物,有万物之主的天帝宙斯;有庄严又爱嫉妒的天后赫拉;有富有母爱的农业女神的得墨忒耳;有聪明善战的雅典娜等等。这些众神每一个都有着属于自己的独特故事。

希腊神话中,无论是神袛还是神化的人(英雄),都具有人的情感,思想都

刻上人的烙印。虽然希腊神话主要是歌颂英雄的事迹,但我认为也深深地揭露和批判了人性的丑恶。希腊神话称得上是一部人性批判的宝典。 亲情可以是很虚假的东西。今天还是你的兄弟,明天就可能成为你的敌人。爱情的不可靠容易使人想起易变质食品,难以长久保存。私欲蒙蔽了心灵,杀戮和复仇充斥着世间,杀戮造成复仇,复仇又重复杀戮。希腊神话对人对神都作了真实的展现,不粉饰光明,也不掩盖黑暗。对人对神,它都同等对待。不因为他是英雄而遮盖其卑鄙,不因为他是神袛而掩盖其虚伪。人性的批判正是深深植根于这样的土壤,所以批判才显得深刻有力。

老师通过神的故事和英雄传说两个部分给我们将数量古希腊神话故事的。神

的故事涉及宇宙和人类的起源、神的产生等内容。这让我走进了神话的世界,让我同天神们一起主宰着地球和宇宙,认识了古希腊奥林匹斯的十二大神:众神之主宙斯,天后赫拉,海王波塞冬,智慧女神雅典娜,射术神及光明神阿波罗,狩猎女神与月神阿尔忒弥斯,爱与美之神阿弗罗狄忒,战神阿瑞斯,火神与工匠神赫淮斯托斯,神使赫尔墨斯,农神德墨忒尔,灶神赫斯提亚。

他们掌管自然和生活的各种现象与事物,组成以宙斯为中心的奥林匹斯神统

和生活的各种现象与事物,组成以宙斯为中心的奥林普斯神统体系。英雄传说起源于对祖先的崇拜,它是古希腊人对远古历史的一种回顾。传说中的主人公大都是神与人的后代,半神半人的英雄。他们体力过人,英勇非凡,体现了类征服自然的豪迈气概和顽强意志,成为古代人民集体力量和智慧的化身。

故事中的神与人同形同性,既有人的体态美,也有人的七情六欲,懂得喜怒

哀乐,参与人的活动。神与人的区别仅仅在于神者永生,无死亡期;而人者生命有限,有生老病死。希腊神话中的神个性鲜明,很少有神秘主义色彩。这本书对人对神都作了真实的展现,不粉饰光明,也不掩盖黑暗。对人对神,它都同等对待。这些天神们有着无比强大的力量,他们彼此和平相处,用一种特殊的力量支持起一个家。

我不得不惊叹希腊人惟妙惟肖的想象力,他们给每一座山,每一条河甚至

一花一草一木都赋予了神的含义,他们长早了太阳神、月亮神、风神、花神、爱

神......这些想象蕴含着浓浓的宗教味道如同神与神之间相对松散的关系,时间的车轮慢慢滚向宙斯主宰的奥林匹斯众神时期,12位主神以宙斯为核心,各司其职,整个天庭秩序井然,宛若人间的通知秩序,等到了英雄时代,人间的英雄闪亮登场了,他们成为了故事的主角。这些英雄由于有着神的血脉,因而有着不凡的品格,他们从事着人间的活动,有人的喜怒哀乐、善恶好憎,在纷争和角逐中展示着勇敢和睿智。在他们的故事里我读到了战争的血腥,也读到了和平的美好;读到了爱情的浪漫,也读到了背叛的残酷;读到了勇士的忠诚;也读到了人性的险恶......

伟大的特洛伊战争因为有神祗们的加入,而使内容显得更加丰富多彩,读起

来使人爱不释手:海神波赛冬为希腊人开路,战神阿瑞斯为特洛伊人助阵,太阳神阿波罗援箭射击波赛冬,智慧女神雅典娜力战阿瑞斯„„只要一想到那里,眼前便浮现出勇敢的希腊人与特洛伊人在战场上厮杀,搏斗的场面。

听了老师讲解后,感觉乱伦现象十分严重。宙斯娶了自己的姐姐赫拉,作为

夫人。弟弟娶了妹妹,在现在人眼中是不可理喻的,但是在3000年前的社会,伦理道德准则还不成熟的情况下,这种现在比较普遍。宙斯这个大淫棍,不知道玷污了多少清纯少女,生了一堆私生子,如赫拉克斯勒、帕尔休斯、雅典娜等等,让我想起动物世界中,类人猿的种群中,领队的雄性猿猴可以霸占整个种群的雌性猿猴。我不禁想问,难道人类社会初期,也是这样子的嘛?其次,弑父夺权的现象屡屡发生。乌拉诺斯阉割自己的父亲克洛诺斯,宙斯弑杀生父乌拉诺斯等等现象,不禁让我想起来,在我国春秋历史阶段,也有很多类似的例子,弑君夺位。为了权力,不惜牺牲亲情、友情。

也许这些古老的故事反映出人类的最原始本性——人类天生就是贪婪的。只

是在日后不断的演化过程中,各种伦理道德不断地束缚着人类的种种原始欲望,人类不断地压抑自己,不断地“规范”自己,才形成了现在的社会秩序。就如同稻盛和夫所说的“人的一生就是不断完善自己心智的旅程”,他的言下之意说明人的劣根。又想到,前阵子,智利圣德赛矿难的一则隐藏消息。据说,当时,在地下33个人未知生死之时,他们其中明显分成三组人。为了节省水和粮食,每组人都想置别的组人与死地。甚至考虑吃对方组员的人肉。人只有在危难绝望的时刻,才会抛弃一切伦理道德的束缚,释放自己。

纵观各个神话人物,我最喜欢的是伟大的英雄--赫拉克勒斯。是希腊神话

中最伟大的英雄,又名海格力斯,相当于罗马神话中的赫丘利(Hercules)。宙斯与阿尔克墨涅之子。他神勇无比,完成了十二项英雄伟绩。此外他还参加了阿尔果斯远征帮助伊阿宋觅取金羊毛,解救了普罗米修斯等。他很强,很勇敢,战天斗地,勇斗“尼米亚巨狮”为民除害;“清洗奥革阿斯的牛棚”在一日之内清扫的干干净净而赢得了财富;“带回地府里的三头狗刻耳柏洛斯“终于获得了自由。但我也觉得他很幸运,因为他吸吮了“万神之母“赫拉的乳汁,具有了不死之身,但是,他最后却被半人马涅索斯给他夫人的毒药而毒死了。他为人们所称赞的十二件功绩,展现了人类战胜恶劣的自然环境的顽强意志,而英雄也因此死后升入了天庭。

赫拉克勒斯的母亲是忒拜王安菲特律翁之妻阿尔克墨涅,珀尔修斯的后裔。阿尔克墨涅临产前,宙斯决定让这天诞生的珀尔修斯的后代统治迈锡尼。宙斯之妻赫拉痛恨阿尔克墨涅当了丈夫的情妇,当然,她对赫拉克勒斯也很忌恨,因为宙斯向诸神预言,他的这位儿子前途无量,将来大有作为。赫拉出于嫉妒,延缓阿尔克墨涅的分娩,同时使珀尔修斯之孙欧律斯透斯提前出生。赫拉克勒斯出生

后被母亲放到野地里。一个神奇的机会,使雅典娜跟赫拉走到那地方。雅典娜看到孩子生得漂亮,非常喜欢。她很可怜他,便劝赫拉给孩子喂奶。他咬住赫拉的奶头,贪婪地吮吸她的乳汁,吸得她的奶头生疼。赫拉生气地把孩子扔到地上。雅典娜同情地把孩子抱起来,带回城里,交给王后阿尔克墨涅代为抚养。阿尔克墨涅一眼就认出这是自己的儿子,她高兴地把孩子放进摇篮。阿尔克墨涅由于畏惧赫拉,遗弃了孩子,没想到满怀嫉妒的情敌竟用乳汁救活了自己的儿子。不仅如此,赫拉克勒斯吮吸了赫拉的乳汁,从此脱离了凡胎得到了不死之身,也因此力大无比。但赫拉很快就明白那个吸她奶的孩子是谁,而且知道他在又回到了宫殿。她十分后悔当时没有报复孩子,把他除掉。随即她派出两条可怕的毒蛇,爬进宫殿去杀害孩子,想把他扼死在摇篮里。却不料赫拉克勒斯从小就有神的表现,反把两条毒蛇制服。赫拉只好作罢。长大后,卡斯托耳尔、马人喀戎等教会他各种武功和知识。他因无意中杀死音乐老师。被安菲特律翁派到乡下放牧,曾杀死基泰戎猛狮,将狮皮披在身上。在走向生活之前,他拒绝了“恶德”女神的引诱,决心遵照美德女神的劝告,他决心选择“美德”的路。不久,他找到了行善做好事的机会。众所周知,那时,希腊丛林密布,沼泽遍野,到处是凶恶的猛狮、公猪以及其他作恶的野兽。因此,清除这些孽障,把希腊从这类危害人的野兽中解放出来,乃是古代英雄们的伟大目标之一。

赫拉克勒斯注定面临这一艰巨的任务。当他听说,在基太隆山脚下,国王安

菲特律翁的牧场,有一头可怕的狮子为非作歹时,年轻的英雄耳畔响起“美德”的声音,他立即作出了决定,并全副武装,爬上了荒山,打死了狮子,剥下狮皮,披在肩上,然后又把狮头割下来作头盔。当他打猎凯旋时,途中遇到了明叶国王埃尔吉诺斯派出的使者,他们向底比斯人收取年贡,这是一种既不合理又令人感到屈辱的沉重负担。赫拉克勒斯把自己作为一切受压迫的人的解救者,迅速地把

这些烂施淫威的使者们打翻在地,然后,把使者们捆起来,送回去给他们的国王。   埃尔吉诺斯蛮横地要求底比斯国王交出凶手。底比斯国王克瑞翁畏惧对方的权势,准备满足对方的要求。赫拉克勒斯动员了一批勇敢的青年同他一起抵抗敌人。可是,民间却没有一件武器,因为明叶人为防止底比斯人叛乱,收缴了所有的武器。

雅典娜女神看到这情况,便把赫拉克勒斯召进神庙,用自己的盔甲将他武装

起来,神庙里还有不少武器,那是他们的祖先在战争中缴获的武器,作为战利品来献祭诸神的。随赫拉克勒斯一同前来的青年们纷纷拿起武器,跟着赫拉克勒斯一起出征。他们只有一小队人马,而明叶人则是庞大的军团,兵力强大。两支部队在一处狭路相逢,在这块弹丸之地,明叶的士兵虽多,但根本无法施展,埃尔吉诺斯的军队被彻底击溃,自己也战死沙场。可是,赫拉克勒斯的后父安菲特律翁也在战争中中箭身亡。战争结束后,赫拉克勒斯迅速挺进明叶京城奥耳科墨诺斯,他冲进城里烧毁了王宫,毁坏了城池。为了感谢他,忒拜王克瑞翁将女儿墨伽拉嫁给他为妻。诸神也送给这位半神半人的英雄许多礼物:赫耳墨斯送给他一把剑,阿波罗送给他一把弓,赫淮斯托斯送给他金箭袋,雅典娜送给他崭新的青铜盾。

赫拉克勒斯受到诸神的珍贵馈赠,心中感激不尽。不久,他找到报答机会。原来大地女神盖亚为天神乌拉诺斯生下一群巨人,这些怪物面目狰狞,杂乱的长须,长发,身后拖着一条带鳞的龙尾巴,这就成了他们的脚。母亲唆使他们反对宙斯,因为宙斯成了世界的新主宰,把该亚从前生下的一群儿子,即提坦巨人们全都打入了地狱塔耳塔洛斯。几年后,他们冲破了地狱,在帖撒利的田野上冒出

来。一看到他们,星星变色,连阿波罗都掉转了太阳车的方向。巨人们以山作梯一步步地朝着神祗的住地爬上去,手里拿着燃烧的栎木大棒和巨大的石块,像风暴一样向奥林匹斯冲击。神祗们得到一则神谕,如果没有一名凡人参与战斗,那么神祗们就杀不死前来侵犯的巨人。该亚听到这消息,急忙寻找一种方法,以保证自己的儿子们不受凡人的伤害。这需要一种药草。然而,宙斯却抢先一步,他不让朝霞、月亮和太阳露出光芒。当该亚在黑暗中到处寻找药草时,宙斯却把药草收割起来。他请雅典娜将药草交给自己的儿子赫拉克勒斯,并要求他前来参战„„   战斗结束,诸神称赞赫拉克勒斯的赫赫战绩。宙斯把参战的神祇称作奥林匹斯人,这是勇敢者的称号。凡间女子为宙斯所生的两个儿子,即狄俄尼索斯和赫拉克勒斯,也获得了这光荣的称号。

赫拉克勒斯的十二大英雄伟绩,更凸显了他的神勇无比。

一、扼死铜筋铁骨的涅墨亚森林的猛狮。国王交给赫拉克勒斯的第一件任务

是:赫拉克勒斯必须为他剥下尼密阿巨狮的兽皮。这头巨兽生活在阿耳戈利斯地区的大森林里。狮子凶悍无比,人间的武器根本不能伤害它。有人说,狮子本是巨人堤丰和半人半蛇的女怪厄喀德那所生的儿子,还有人说,它是从月亮上掉到地上来的。赫拉克勒斯出发去捕杀狮子。并且最终杀死了它。用它的利爪划破了皮,终于把狮皮剥了下来。后来,他用这张奇异的狮皮缝制了一件盔甲,还做了一只新头盔。

二、制服怪物许德拉。 许德拉是生有九个头的大毒蛇,它在草丛里神出鬼

没,为害四方。更可怕的是,它的头中最大的那个是杀不死的,砍掉了,又会生出两个新的头。赫拉克勒斯不信邪,他找上门来了。许德拉比狮子聪明多了,它昂着头,等着赫拉克勒斯的进攻。赫拉克勒斯走上前去,一刀砍下了最大的蛇头。令他大吃一惊的是,毒蛇的脖子上立刻又长出了两颗新头,十个头摇摇摆摆,令人毛骨悚然。就在赫拉克勒斯苦苦思考对策的时候,和许德拉狼狈为奸的一只大螃蟹悄悄爬了过来,用两只大螯紧紧地咬住了赫拉克勒斯的脚。赫拉克勒斯回过身,用一棵大树猛地一击,把巨蟹打得粉碎。杀死了巨蟹,他呼喊同行的伊俄拉俄斯来援助他,伊俄拉俄斯执着火把,把附近的树林点着,然后用熊熊燃烧的树枝灼烧刚长出来的蛇头,不让它长大。这时,赫拉克勒斯乘机砍下许德拉的那颗不死的头,将它埋在路旁,上面压着一块沉重的石头。接着,他又把蛇身劈作两段,并把箭浸泡在有毒的蛇血里。从此以后,中了他箭的敌人再也无药可医。

三、生擒克律涅亚山里金角铜蹄的赤牡鹿。第三个任务是要他生擒刻律涅亚

山上的牝鹿。这是一头漂亮的动物,金角铜蹄,自由自在地住在亚加狄亚的山坡上,这是女神阿耳忒弥斯在首次打猎时捉到的五头牝鹿之一,只是她被放回了树林,因为命运女神规定有一天让赫拉克勒斯为追捕她而累得疲惫不堪。赫拉克勒斯追捕她追了整整一年,一直追到北极净土族人居住的地方和伊斯忒河的发源地。据说,这里的太阳一年只出来一次。赫拉克勒斯终于在安诺埃城附近,邻近阿耳忒弥斯山的拉同河岸上,追上了牝鹿。为了迫使她停下来,他迫不得已射了一箭,射中她的腿。然后把受伤不能奔跑的牝鹿逮住,扛在肩膀上,往回走。途中,他遇到女神阿耳忒弥斯和她的哥哥阿波罗。她责问他为什么伤害她放生的牝鹿,甚至想夺走她的猎物。“伟大的女神,这不是我在闹着玩,”赫拉克勒斯辩解说,“我也是迫于无奈,否则我怎么能完成欧律斯透斯交给我的任务呢?”这话总算平息了女神的怒火。赫拉克勒斯扛着活牝鹿回到迈肯尼。

四、活捉埃里曼托斯山密林里的大野猪。活捉厄律曼托斯野猪,把它完好地

带回迈肯尼,交给国王欧律斯透斯。这头野猪是用来献祭给女神阿耳忒弥斯的圣

物,可是它在厄律曼托斯一带糟蹋庄稼,危害甚大。赫拉克勒斯上路去寻找野猪。他大声吼叫,把野猪赶出丛林,又在后面追赶,一直把它赶到雪地里,终于用活结把精疲力尽的野猪套住。他遵照国王欧律斯透斯的命令活捉了厄律曼托斯山上的野猪,将它活生生地送到迈肯尼。

五、引河水清扫奥革阿斯积粪如山的牛圈。派他做的这件事似乎是一位英雄

不屑干的,即要他在一天之内把奥革阿斯的牛棚打扫干净。奥革阿斯是伊利斯的国王,养有大量的牛。他的牛群全都按古代的习惯,关在宫殿前面的牛棚里,里面共有三千多头牛。多年来里面堆满了牛粪。奥革阿斯打量着眼前这位身披狮皮的魁梧的男子,想到这样一位高贵的武士愿意干一件仆人干的活,禁不住笑了起来。但他又想,私欲诱人,说不定这位武士贪图厚利,要我给他重赏吧。国王想到这儿,自信地说:“听着,外乡人,假如你真能在一天之内,把宫殿前面的牛棚打扫干净,我将把牛群的十分之一送给你。”赫拉克勒斯接受了这个条件。国王以为他马上就要动手清扫,但赫拉克勒斯却叫来奥革阿斯的儿子菲洛宇斯,叫他作证人,然后才在牛棚的一边挖了一条沟,把阿尔弗俄斯和佩纳俄斯河的河水引进来,流经牛棚,把里面大堆牛粪冲刷干净。结果,他连手都没有弄脏,就完成了任务。赫拉克勒斯完成了任务,高高兴兴地回到欧律斯透斯的王国,可是国王宣布这次任务因赫拉克勒斯要求报酬,所以不能算数。他又派赫拉克勒斯去完成第六件任务。

六、赶走斯廷法罗湖上的怪鸟。这是一种巨大的猛禽,铁翼,铁嘴,铁爪,十分厉害。它们栖息在阿耳卡狄亚的斯廷法罗斯湖畔。它们抖落的羽毛犹如射出的飞箭,它们的铁嘴甚至能够啄破青铜盾,在那儿它们伤害了无数的人畜。赫拉克勒斯动身前往斯廷法罗斯湖,不久,来到四周是密林的湖畔。一群怪鸟在林中惊恐地飞来飞去,好像害怕被狼吃了似的。赫拉克勒斯眼睁睁地看着鸟在空中飞,却无法制服它们。突然,他感到有人在他的肩膀上轻轻地拍了一下,回头一看,原来是雅典娜,她交给他两面大铜钹,那是赫淮斯托斯为她制造的。她教赫拉克勒斯怎样使用铜钹驱赶怪鸟。于是,赫拉克勒斯在湖旁爬上一座小山,使劲敲起铜钹恐吓怪鸟,它们经受不了这刺耳的声音,都仓皇地飞出树林。赫拉克勒斯乘此机会,弯弓搭箭,连射几箭,几只怪鸟应声落地,其余的也急忙飞走。从此再也没有回来。

七、捕捉克里特岛发疯的公牛。克里特的国王弥诺斯答应海神波塞冬,要把

海里出现的第一个动物当作祭品献给他,因为弥诺斯认为在他的领土内没有一种动物值得献给这位伟大的神灵。波塞冬很受感动,特地让一头健壮的公牛从海浪里浮现出来。弥诺斯看到这头公牛,非常喜欢,实在舍不得把它献给海神,于是将它悄悄地藏在自己的牛群里,然后用另一头公牛代替它献祭。海神非常生气,他让海里来的这头公牛变得疯狂起来,在克里特岛为非作歹,大肆破坏,赫拉克勒斯得到的第七项任务,便是驯服克里特岛上的公牛,并将它带回献给国王欧律斯透斯。赫拉克勒斯来到克里特岛,见到了国王弥诺斯。弥诺斯十分高兴,他已经为这头公牛伤透了脑筋,巴不得有人为他除掉这个祸害。国王甚至亲自帮助赫拉克勒斯把这头疯狂的公牛抓住。赫拉克勒斯有非凡的力量,他把狂暴的公牛制服得规规矩矩,然后骑在牛背上,像是乘坐船航行一样,从这里回到了伯罗奔尼撒。

八、把狄奥墨得斯的吃人的马群从色雷斯赶到迈锡尼。狄俄墨得斯是战神阿

瑞斯的儿子,又是好战的皮斯托纳人的国王。他养了一群凶猛狂野的牝马,必须用铁链子紧锁在铁制的马槽上。喂养牝马的饲料不是给普通马儿吃的燕麦,而是

误入城堡的不幸的外乡人。赫拉克勒斯来到这里,做的第一件事就是制服管理马厩的卫士,然后把凶残无道的国王扔进马槽。这些马吃过国王后,立即变得驯服起来。它们老老实实地听从赫拉克勒斯的指挥,一直被赶到海边。突然,他听到背后人声嘈杂,原来皮斯托纳人全副武装地追了上来。赫拉克勒斯连忙作好战斗准备。他把马匹交给他的同伴阿珀特洛斯看管。等赫拉克勒斯离开后,牝马又都变得疯狂起来。当赫拉克勒斯打退了皮斯托纳人重新回来的时候,他发现自己的同伴已被马吃掉了,只剩下尸骨。赫拉克勒斯十分难过,他在附近造了一座阿珀特拉城,纪念自己的朋友。最后,他又制服了这些牝马,把它们顺利地交到欧律斯透斯的手中。欧律斯透斯将这些马献祭给天后赫拉。后来这些牝马生育马驹,长期繁殖下来。

九、战胜亚马逊(Amazon)女人的首领希波吕忒,取来她的腰带。欧律斯透

斯有一个女儿,名叫阿特梅塔。欧律斯透斯命令赫拉克勒斯夺取亚马孙女王希波吕忒的腰带,把它献给阿特梅塔。赫拉克勒斯召集了一批志愿参战的男子汉,乘船去冒险。经过许多周折后,他们进入黑海,最后来到特耳莫冬河口,又顺流而上,驶入亚马孙人的港口特弥斯奇拉。他们在这里遇到了亚马孙人的女王。她看到赫拉克勒斯相貌堂堂,身材魁梧,对他非常喜欢和敬重。她听说英雄远道而来的目的后,一口答应将腰带送给赫拉克勒斯。可是天后赫拉憎恨赫拉克勒斯。她扮成一个亚马孙女子,混杂在人群中散布谣言,说一个外乡人想要劫持她们的女王。亚马孙人一听大怒,即刻骑上马背,袭击住在城外帐篷里的赫拉克勒斯。于是,发生了一场恶战。最后,连亚马孙女人的首领,英勇善战的麦拉尼泼也被赫拉克勒斯活捉。女王希波吕忒献出了腰带,那是在作战前她已答应献出的。赫拉克勒斯收下腰带,同时放回麦拉尼泼。

十、从埃里忒亚岛赶回革律翁的红牛,途中将两座峭岩立在地中海的尽头

(即赫拉克勒斯石柱)。赫拉克勒斯把女王希波吕忒的腰带献在国王欧律斯透斯的脚下。欧律斯透斯没有让他休息,随即又派他去牵回革律翁的牛群。他希望赫拉克勒斯在征伐这个国家时被打死在那里,再也不能回来。可是赫拉克勒斯对此任务并不畏惧,他像从前一样组建军队,在克里特岛上召集那些他从野兽口中救出的军队,然后乘船在利比亚登陆。在这里他和巨人安泰俄斯作战。赫拉克勒斯把他打倒三次,终于发现他恢复力量的秘密。于是他用强有力的手臂把安泰俄斯举在空中,然后将他拤死。他又清除了利比亚凶猛的动物。他来到厄里茨阿岛,革律翁和他的牛群就在这里。可是,革律翁在后面追了上来,随后进行了一场激战。在凯旋的途中,赫拉克勒斯赶着牛群经过意卑利亚和意大利,一路上他又创立了许多英雄业绩。当他到了意大利南部的勒奇翁姆时,有一头公牛逃走,渡过海峡到了西西里岛。赫拉克勒斯立即赶着其余的公牛下了水。他抓住一只牛的角,泅水到了西西里,又立下了许多功绩,终于顺利地穿过意大利、伊利里亚和特拉刻,最后到了希腊。

十一、获取赫斯佩里得斯圣园里的金苹果。按照欧律斯透斯的命令,赫拉克

勒斯必须从巨龙那儿摘取赫斯珀里得斯的金苹果。赫拉克勒斯踏上了漫长而艰险的旅途。他漫无目的地走着,走到哪儿是哪儿,全靠运气和机遇,因为他不知道赫斯珀里得斯到底住在哪里。赫拉克勒斯继续前进,一路上又遇到许多险事。他在高加索山上释放了被缚的普罗米修斯,又顺着这个被解放了的提坦神所示的方向,来到阿特拉斯背负青天的地方。在那附近是赫斯珀里得斯看守金苹果的圣园。普罗米修斯建议赫拉克勒斯不要亲自去摘金苹果,最好派阿特拉斯去完成这个任务。赫拉克勒斯一想也对,于是他答应在阿特拉斯离开的这段时间里亲自背负青

天。阿特拉斯肩扛天空的重担交给了赫拉克勒斯,然后朝圣园走去。他想法引诱巨龙昏昏入睡并挥刀杀死了它,又骗过看守的仙女们,摘了三个金苹果,高高兴兴地回到赫拉克勒斯的面前。“不过,”他对赫拉克勒斯说,“我的肩膀尝够了扛天的滋味,也感到没有重负的轻松,我不愿再扛了。”说完,他把金苹果扔在赫拉克勒斯脚前的草地上,让他扛着沉重的青天站在那里。赫拉克勒斯想出了一条计策来摆脱肩上的重负。“喂,我想找一块软垫搁在头上,”他对阿特拉斯说,“否则,这副重担都快把我的脑袋炸裂了。” 阿特拉斯认为这是一个合理的要求,因此同意先代他再扛一会儿。他接过了担子,如果他要等赫拉克勒斯来接替他,那可不知道要等多长时间了,因为赫拉克勒斯早已从草地上拾起金苹果,迅速地走开了。赫拉克勒斯把金苹果带给了国王欧律斯透斯。国王感到懊丧的是这次赫拉克勒斯又活着回来了,他原希望他会在摘取金苹果时丧命。其实他并不喜欢金苹果,因此就把金苹果送给了赫拉克勒斯。他把它供在雅典娜的圣坛上。女神再把这些圣果送回原来的地方,让赫斯珀里得斯继续看管。

十二、把冥府的三头狗刻尔柏罗斯带到人间,后又送回冥府。欧律斯透斯一

直没能除掉他所讨厌的竞争对手,反而帮助他赢得了更大的荣誉。许多人对赫拉克勒斯感激不尽,因为他免除了人们的许多苦难。现在,狡猾的国王又想出了最后一个冒险任务,这是任何英勇的神力都无法施展的,即要他去和地狱的恶狗拼斗,并把冥王的看门狗刻耳柏洛斯带回来。在冥河的河口上,他看到那只三头狗。它昂起三个头狺狺狂吠,回声如同打雷。他用双腿夹住三个狗头,用手臂扑住狗脖子,不让它逃脱,但狗的尾巴,完全是条活龙,妄图抽击他,并要咬他。赫拉克勒斯仍紧紧地拤住狗脖子,终于制服了这条恶狗。他举起狗,带着它离开冥府,从亚哥利斯的特律策恩附近的另一个出口回到了阳间。地狱恶狗刻耳柏洛斯一见到阳光,害怕得吐出了毒涎,滴到地上,于是地上长出剧毒的乌头草。赫拉克勒斯用铁链拴住刻耳柏洛斯,把它带到提任斯,交给欧律斯透斯。最终,赫拉克勒斯恢复了自由自身。

获得自由以后,赫拉克勒斯离弃了墨伽拉,前往奥卡利亚,向欧律托斯

的女儿伊奥勒求婚,这时恰遇主人的牛被偷,他为证明无辜,与欧律托斯的儿子一起出外寻找。赫拉使他发疯杀死了同伴。为了赎罪,他给吕底亚的女王翁法勒当了3年奴隶。传说他还曾参加阿尔戈船英雄的远航和卡吕冬狩猎,攻打特洛伊

王拉奥墨冬。他攻打皮罗斯时,哈得斯亲自为当地的王奈琉斯助战,被他重创。   他后来娶卡吕冬的得伊阿涅拉为妻,带妻子去特拉基斯途中,马人涅索斯企图将他的妻子掠走,被他用毒箭射死。马人临死前劝得伊阿涅拉收集他的毒血,以便将来用以恢复丈夫对她的热恋。赫拉克勒斯攻打奥卡利亚时,俘虏了伊奥勒,得伊阿涅拉担心被遗弃,把抹上毒血的衬衣送给丈夫。他穿上这件衣服以后,痛苦难忍,最后投火自尽。按照宙斯的意志,他成了奥林匹斯的神,赫拉与他和解,把青春女神赫柏给他为妻。

他的形象中可能有真人的影子,关于他的传说含有东方信仰的成分。对他的

崇拜曾在希腊、罗马的很多地方流行,西库昂、忒拜等地有纪念他的节庆。对他的崇拜传到意大利以后,增添了他在意大利成就的业绩,如取消萨宾人实行的杀人献祭,奠定对火的崇拜,杀死强盗卡库斯,等等。在艺术作品中,赫拉克勒斯或海格立斯常被塑造成扼死巨蛇的婴儿,或立功后休息的肌肉发达的男子。

马克思说“希腊神话是人类美丽伟大的诗,具有不朽的魅力。„„那是人类

艺术的一种规范和高不可及的范本。”我想,在本学期的艺术导论课中我也领略了不少知识。真希望能够更深入的了解希腊神话故事!

作文二:《希腊神话故事_450字》400字

今年暑假,我看了一本叫希腊神话故事的书。其中,雅典娜女神与阿瑞克妮的故事最吸引我。  雅典娜是艺术、工艺和妇女手工之神,双手灵巧,无法忍受别人的挑战。一位名叫阿瑞克妮的莉迪亚族少女,似乎瞧不起雅典娜的本领,并常吹嘘如有机会定能击败女神雅典娜。一气之下,女神装扮成一位老妇,劝告阿瑞克妮应谦虚一些。但那位愚昧无知的女手艺人,竟勇敢地向她发出挑战。女神卸去伪装,接受了挑战。两位妇女立刻着手创作各自的作品。女神设计的图案叙述了她与波塞冬争斗的故事,而阿瑞克妮则编织了一张精细的网。之后,阿瑞克妮吃惊地发现自己输了,因女神的作品要好得多。她感到非常羞耻,便用一根丝线自缢。但在咽气之前,女神将她变成了一只蜘蛛,让她永远地编织。  这个故事要告诉我们,做人不要太骄傲,要虚心向别人学习,骄傲是不会带来好结果的。所以,当我们考试成绩考好了,不要骄傲,争取更好。如果帮忙洗碗,洗的很干净,得到父母的夸赞,也不要骄傲,下次洗得更干净。做事是不会有最好,只有更好。    四年级:张莉作文网专稿 未经允许不得转载

作文三:《希腊神话故事》400字

今年暑假,我看了一本叫希腊神话故事的书。其中,雅典娜女神与阿瑞克妮的故事最吸引我。

雅典娜是艺术、工艺和妇女手工之神,双手灵巧,无法忍受别人的挑战。一位名叫阿瑞克妮的莉迪亚族少女,似乎瞧不起雅典娜的本领,并常吹嘘如有机会定能击败女神雅典娜。一气之下,女神装扮成一位老妇,劝告阿瑞克妮应谦虚一些。但那位愚昧无知的女手艺人,竟勇敢地向她发出挑战。女神卸去伪装,接受了挑战。两位妇女立刻着手创作各自的作品。女神设计的图案叙述了她与波塞冬争斗的故事,而阿瑞克妮则编织了一张精细的网。之后,阿瑞克妮吃惊地发现自己输了,因女神的作品要好得多。她感到非常羞耻,便用一根丝线自缢。但在咽气之前,女神将她变成了一只蜘蛛,让她永远地编织。

这个故事要告诉我们,做人不要太骄傲,要虚心向别人学习,骄傲是不会带来好结果的。所以,当我们考试成绩考好了,不要骄傲,争取更好。如果帮忙洗碗,洗的很干净,得到父母的夸赞,也不要骄傲,下次洗得更干净。做事是不会有最好,只有更好。

四年级:张莉

作文四:《希腊神话故事》700字

希腊神话故事

阿芙狄德罗(也就是古罗马神话中的维纳斯)在古希腊神话中是爱与美的女神,同时执掌生育与航海。

传说阿芙狄德罗和她的儿子小爱神厄洛斯(也就是罗马神话中的丘比特),一次在河边遭到妖怪的袭击,母子俩赶紧跳入河中,变成两条鱼逃走。大约是怕母子走散的缘故,两条鱼中间有一条带子相连,共同组成了双鱼座。

在古希腊神话中,普罗米修斯创造了人类,同时又从天上偷走了火种,给人间带来了光明。也正是因为这件事,激怒了宙斯,宙斯令其他的山神把普罗米修斯用锁链缚在高加索山 脉的一块岩石上。一只饥饿的恶鹰天天来啄食他的肝脏,而他的肝脏又总是重新长出来。他的痛苦要持续三万年。而他坚定地面对苦难,从来不在宙斯面前丧失勇 气。最后,赫拉克勒斯使普罗米修斯与宙斯恢复了他们的友谊,杀死了恶鹰,因而解救了普罗米修斯。

传说雅典娜是宙斯与聪慧女神墨提斯所生,因地母盖亚有预言说墨提斯所生的儿女会推翻宙斯,宙斯遂将她整个吞入腹中,因此宙斯得了严重的头痛症。所有山神都束手无策,宙斯只好要求火神赫菲斯托斯打开他的头颅。火神那样做了。令奥林匹斯山诸神惊讶的是:一位体态婀娜、披坚执锐的女神从裂开的头颅中跳了出来,这就是雅典娜。据说她有宙斯一般的力量,与生俱来的神盾的力量,她的实力超过了奥林匹斯的所有神。她是最聪明的女神,是智慧与力量的完美结合。

西西弗斯是古代科林斯的 王国王。当年宙斯掳走了河神的女儿,河神到柯林斯寻找时请求西西弗斯帮忙,西西弗斯帮忙之后因为泄露了宙斯的秘密而被宙斯惩罚下地狱。西西弗斯请求给自己 三天的时间回到人世间处理后事,可是回来之后就不想走了。于是宙斯就生气了,惩罚他每天推石头上山,永远都做这种无用功。

作文五:《希腊神话故事》78800字

《英文版经典古希腊神话》

1 The Olympian Gods

Between Macedon(马其顿王国) and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain.Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens.On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness. At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men. Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards.All the gods listened to his final words,it was true.But Zeus made them all sit on a mittee of twelve members,including six gods and six goddesses. The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself. He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt .Next to him was Hera,his proud and green-eyed queen.Poseidon was ruler of the sea,And Hades,king of the lower world,had no seat in the mittee.Apollo was the god of the sun,music and poetry,while his twinsister Artemis was the goddess of the moon and the chase. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of house holdarts.Hestia,the goddess of the family,represented home life and family happiness.The frightening Ares was the god of war,and the charming Aphrodite the goddess of love and beauty.The god of fire,Hephaestus,was the forger(铁匠) of the thunderbolts of Zeus.The wing footed messenger Hermes was the god of invention and merce;and the goddess of grains and harvests,Demeter,looked after agriculture and stood for mother of civilization.

All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of inparable beauty and grace. Often moved by human feelings and desires,they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy.They became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man. Among themselves at Olympus they plotted and struggled for power.In the human world they experienced petitions and difficulties.They enjoyed earthly friendships and loves.A crowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at Olympus actually were.

1.Macedon: [史]马其顿王国(古代巴尔干半岛中部一奴隶制国家)

2.Thassaly: A region of east-central Greece between the Pindus Mountains and the Aegean Sea. Settled before 1000 b.c., it reached the height of its power in the sixth century b.c. but soon declined because of internal conflicts.塞萨利希腊中东部一地区,位于屏达思山和爱琴海之间。建于 公元前1000年之前,于 公元前6世纪势力达到鼎盛但很快就因内乱而衰败

3.overlord: A lord having power or supremacy over other lords.

4.forger: 铁匠

2 Pandora

After the stealing of fire,Zeus became increasingly unkind to men.One day he ordered his son Hephaestus to build an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay.He then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts.Among others,Athena clothed her in an attractive coat and Hermes gave her the power of telling lies.A charming young lady,she was the first woman that ever lived.Zeus called her Pandora.Because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift.The gift was harmful to men.

Zeus decided to send her down to men as a present.So Hermes the messenger brought her to Epimetheus,brother of Prometheus.The greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her,and Epimetheus happily received her into his house.He had quite forgotten Prometheus' warning:never to accept anything from Zeus.The couple lived a happy life for some

time.Then trouble came on to the human world.

When he was busy with teaching men the art of living,Prometheus had left a big cask(木桶) in the care of Epimetheus.He had warned his brother not to open the lid.Pandora was a curious woman.She had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask.One day,when Epimetheus was out,she lifted the lid and out it came unrest and war,Plague and sickness,theft and violence, grief sorrow,and all the other evils.The human world was hence to experience these evils.Only hope stayed within the mouth of the jar and never flew out.So men always have hope within their hearts.

3 Apollo

Among the crowd of Olympian gods the one most widely admired was Apollo.He was the son of Zeus and Leto.According to Greek mythology,Leto was driven by Hera from land to land at last Poseidon took pity on her and brought the island of Delos out of water for her to live on.There she gave birth to the twins ,Apollo and Artemis.

Apollo was me sun-god.He wore a purple robe(长袍).He usually sat in his bright eastern palace early in the morning and made ready to start his daily journey across the sky.During the day he roved his carriage of gold and ivory , and brought light, life and love to the great world below. late in the afternoon he came to the end of his journey in the far western sea and got on his golden boat to return to his eastern home.

Apollo was the god of music and poetry.He could stir up all feelings.These feelings are expressed in lofty songs.With his lyre(七弦琴) of gold and the sweet accents of his godlike voice heled the choir of the Muses at Olympus.The pleasant music from his lyre was so exciting that stones marched into their places in rhythmic time and of their own will when he helped Poseidon build up the walls of Troy.On one occasion,invited to a contest by the human musician Marsyas,he won and then flayed him to death for his pride.On another occasion,he lost out to Pan at a musical contest and turned the ears of the judge,King Midas,into those of an ass.

1.lofty: Affecting grandness; pompous. 壮丽的给人以深刻印象的宏大气势;壮丽的

2.hele: vt. (与in连用)把…栽入土中

3.flay: To strip off the skin or outer covering of. 剥皮剥去皮或表部表层

His son,Orpheus,took over such skill from the father that his lyre moved man and animals alike. Apollo stood for youthful and manly beauty.His golden hair,stately manner and air all bined to make him the admiration of the world.A beautiful girl,by the name of Clytle,was so fond of his beauty and glory that from dawn to dusk she knelt on the ground,her hands outstretched towards the sungod,and her eyes looked at his golden wheeled carriage racing across the blue sky.Though her love was not returned,she had never changed her mind about Apollo.The gods were moved at the sad sight,and changed her into a sunflower.

4.state: Dignified and impressive, as in size or proportions.庄严的在规模或比例方面庄严尊贵的

4 Prometheus

Prometheus was a Titan .In the war between Zeus the giants he had stood on the side of the new Olympian gods.Out of the clay he made the first man,to whom Athena gave soul and holy breath.Prometheus spent a lot of time and energy in creating the gift of fire.And fire raised man above all animals .Later,there held a joint meeting of gods and men.The meeting was to decide

what part of burnt animals should be given to gods and what to men.Prometheus cut up an ox and divided it into two parts:under the skin he placed the fresh,and under the fat he put the bones,for he knew the selfish Zeus loved fat. Zeus saw through the trick and felt displeased at the Prometheus' favor towards men.So in a masterful way he took away the gift of fire from mankind.However,Prometheus managed to steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down to men.Flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion,Zeus let the other gods chain Prometheus to a rock on Mountain Caucasus,where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again.His period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years.Prometheus faced his bitter fate firmly and never lost courage before Zeus.At last Heracles made Prometheus and Zeus restore to friendship,when Heracles came over in search of the golden apple and killed the eagle and set the friend of mankind free.

5 Nereus and Proteus

Of all the small sea divinities Nereus and Proteus stood out as Peculiar sea-gods.Nereus,known as“the Old Man of the sea”,represented the pleasant aspect of ocean waters.He lived beneath the sea with his fifty lovely daughters,of whom the most famous were Amphritrite,Thetis,Galate a and Panope.It was Nereus who advised Heracles to seek Prometheus in the hero's search of the golden apples.

Proteus was Poseidon's herdsman. He was well known for two qualities:the gift of prophecy and the power to take various forms.At one time he was a lion with a curly wavy hairs;at another he appeared in the shape of a wild boar;and still another he stood a stately tree covered with rich leaves.When,after all these and many other changes,he failed to get rid of his questioner, the god offered detailed answers.

6 Eros(Cupid)

Eros was the god of love,better known by his Latin name Cupid.Son of Aphrodite by Ares ,he took his place among the small gods of Olympus.He was represented as a little naked boy,with sparkling wings,and he carried his bow and arrows wherever he wandered.Shooting his thrilling arrows in evils,he inspired the passion of love and provided all nature with life and power of reproduction.The lovely,naughty god had two kinds of arrows:the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones to palsy it. Besides,he had a torch to light hearts with.

Though sometimes he was blindfolded ,no man nor god,Zeus himself included,was safe from his evils.At one time the little naughty god was wounded by his own arrows and such burning love was awakened in him for the human maiden Psyche that he disregarded the constant interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to beg Zeus for justice.Another famous story where Eros played an important part was the Argonautic expedition.Medea,daughter of King Aeetes,was wounded by Eros' arrows,took Jason's part in recovering the golden fleece and eventually became the hero's wife.

1.blindfold: To cover the eyes of with or as if with a bandage.(如用或似用绷带等)蒙住眼睛

2.Argonaut【希神】亚尔古英雄(随同贾森乘亚尔古舟, 去海外寻找金羊毛的英雄)

7 Ares

Son of Zeus and Hera,Ares was appointed god of war.He was terrible and majestic ,and his

march shook the world.Of all the major gods at Olympus,he was the most hateful,loving struggle and war and ever thirsty for blood .On the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle,and was devoutly worshipped by soldiers going to war.Prayers were addressed to him before the war and spoils presented at his altar after it.

1.majestic: adj. Having or showing lofty dignity or nobility; stately. 具有或显示出庄重的或高贵气质的;威严

He was the one god who ever had to submit to the power of his inferiors .At one time lack of tact and good judgment led to his shame.He was fighting with two giants,and finding himself no match for the two monstrous creatures,laid down his arms and was imprisoned in chains. He was set free in the end by the artful Hermes,but not before he had suffered all the humiliations .

He was as thoughtless as he was unkind .A son of Poseidon's,attempting to kidnap his daughter,made the war-god unhappy,so that he killed the youth without he hesitation. In retaliation ,Poseidon dragged him before a group of Athenian judges for trial.The court was held on a hill outside Athens.Ares presented his case and was declared innocent. The hill was ever after called Areopagus,“the hill of Ares”,and the judges received the names of Areopagitae.

8 Dionysus

Dionysus was the god of wine.He was the son of Zeus by Semele. When his mother was burnt to death in the glory of Zeus .He was still a helpless infant.His father trusted his upbringing to some mountain fairy maidens .They took the greatest care of him. Under the tutorship of Silennus,the Satyr, he was introduced to all the secrets of nature and the culture of the wine. He travelled far and wide in his carriage drawn by wild beasts. He was said to have been to India and Ethiopia .Wherever he t, there was music and song and revelling.His attendants,known as the Bacchantes, were noted for their noise and disorder.A most wild,noisy crow,they drank,danced and sang in a careless way.The women Bacchantes were infamous for their excessive immodesty and disgraceful excitement .In their madness and intoxication they mitted cruel violence. They tore Orpheus,the gifted musician,limb from limb.King Pentheus of Thebes,for frowning on the worship of Bacchus in his kingdom, suffered the same treatment at the hands of a band of these fanatical women,of whom his own mother was the leader.

1.revel: To engage in uproarious festivities; make merry.参加喧嚣的庆典;作乐

9 Philomela

King Pandion of Athens had two daughters,Proe and Philomela.When Athens was threatened by the wild men,King Tereus of Thrace came to its help.Out of gratitude King Pandion offered Tereus either of his daughters in marriage and the Thracian king chose Proe as wife. For years they lived in Thrace and had one son,Itylus by name.Then Proe became homesick and longed to see her dear sister Philomela.At her repeated requests Tereus sailed to Athens to fetch Philomela.On the way back his evil heart took flame at the sight of Philomela who was then in her beauty of maidenhood.He seized and carried her away by force,cut out her tongue and imprisoned her in a lonely hut in the woods.To Proe he lied,saying that Philomela was dead.Philomela stayed in prison for a year,where she had woven her painful story into the web of a robe .Then she managed to send the robe to her sister. As soon as she received the web Proe came over to the woods and to rescue her sister away from the keepers.

Back at the palace, the two women,hot for paying back ,killed little Itylus and served him up to his father . When Tereus learned of the terrible truth he grasped his sword and chased the sisters into the woods. There the gods turned Proe into a swallow,Philomela a nightingale and Tereus a hoopoe(戴胜鸟) .

10 Palladium

When Ilus had first built his new seat,the city of Troy, he prayed Zeus to show some sign of blessing for it. His prayer was heard,and a wooden image of Pallas- Athena fell from heaven to within the walls of the city. Known as the Palladium, the statue afforded the city safety and protection. At religious meetings of the goddess it was carried through the city streets amid joys and songs of praise.

After the flames of war had spread for ten years before the walls of Troy, a prophet foretold that Troy could never be expected to fall as long as the Palladium was treasured by its people .In order to steal it out,Odysseus and Diomedes slipped into the capital one night in disguise ,known to none but Hellen.The bad woman took out them to He Cuba, the queen of Troy, at whose feet Odysseus immediately bowed down and asked for mercy.The queen granted their request,and with the help of Helen,they successfully brought the image back to the Greek camp at dawn. Later it was said that Aeneas got hold of it and carried it with him to his new land,where it was Preserved together with the goddess' fire.

11 The Flood

Towards the end of the Age of Bronze the human world became very cruel.

Men grew hungry,impolite and ungodly.Neither right or law was respected any longer,and the rule of hospitality was forgotten.Dressed up in human form,Zeus visited Arcadia and Thessaly,and disliked the deadly wrongs of men .He decided to clear the earth of them all.Without hesitation he released the rainy south wind and called upon the heartless Poseidon to help.Soon the whole world sank in a vast ocean, and the entire human race disappeared in the unheard of flood,all but two poor Thessalonians((古希腊)帖撒罗尼迦人) .

These were an old childless couple,kind and faithful and contented with life.The man was called Deucalion and his wife Pyrrha.Son of Prometheus,Deucalion had been warned beforehand by his father of the ing flood and made himself a huge chest.When the roaring flood came the couple hid themselves init and floated for nine days until it touched land again on Mt Parnassus. The once active world presented a frightening sight.It was all death and ruin.Feeling lonely and unsafe,the old couple prayed to the gods for help.A sage instructed them to cast the bones of their mother about .The son of the wise Titan, having guessed the true meaning of the mysterious mand, started throwing stones behind him. A miracle occurred. The stones that the man cast became men;the stones that the woman threw turned into women.Since then,people appeared on the land again.The Heroic Age had begun.

12 Ajax(the Great)

Ajax was a man of giant stature,daring but slow.When the Trojan War was about to break out he led his forces from Salamis to join the Greek army at Aulis.As one of the trustiest champions of the Greek cause,he was given the job of guarding one end of the Greek camp near Troy.He was noted in the battlefield for his bravery and courage.After Achilles' death he became one of the two

hot contestants for the dead hero's shield and armour,the other being Odysseus.When the weapons were finally judged to his rival,Ajax t mad for grief.Unable to get over the hardships,he took his own life.When,in order to seek the advice of,Odysseus came to visit the lower world,the shade of Ajax frowned upon him.In the lower world Ajax chose to be a lion,guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life.

13 Jason

Among the pupils of the wise and just Centaur,there was a boy named Jason.He was by birth a prince.His father Aeson was once king of Iolcus,but was overthrown by his own half brother Pelias.So he sent his baby son Jason to the Centaur for safekeeping.As a boy Jason took part in the boar(野猪) hunt.When he grew up into a strong youth he was told of the secret of his birth.So he t to avenge his father's wrongs .

On his way back to his native city he met a weak old woman waiting to be helped across a mountain stream.Kind and polite,Jason carried the old lady on his back and walked across the stream.Little had he thought that the old woman was just Hera herself .Thus he got the help and protection of a powerful friend at the beginning of his life.As he lost one shoe in the stream he had to enter Pelias' palace in only one shoe. Pelias was quite scared to see such a stranger because he had been warned by a prophet to be careful of a man wearing only one shoe.He was not surprised when Jason told him who he was and what his business was about.The artful(狡猾的) Pelias weled his nephew with false pride and joy ;he promised to give up the kingdom to one who had proved himself worthy of it.And he urged the youth to bring the golden fleece(羊毛) back from Colchis.He felt quite certain that his nephew would never e back alive from the hopeless task.Pelias' prediction was quite right.Jason died a poor death in the kingdom of Colchis.

14 Io

Io was the daughter of a river god.She was loved,run after and won by Zeus.Hera became so green-eyed that she flew down from Olympus one day to pay her rival (竞争对手) back .Zeus,however,had foreseen her arrival and changed Io into a beautiful white little cow.Seeing through the trick,Hera asked for the cow as a present and Zeus had to give in to her wish .Then she left the cow to the care of a hundred-eyed monster,Argus.Argus' eyes were ever open and no escape was possible.Unable to bear to see her so unhappy,Zeus sent Hermes down to destroy the monster.Dressed up as a shepherd,Hermes lulled Argus to sleep with his sweet songs and long stories,then killed him and set Io free.But Hera's anger was not to be calmed down yet.She sent a gadfly(牛虻) to attack the cow and drive her from land to land.In her misery the cow passed over the strait which divides Europe and Asia.In this way the strip of water got its name Bosporus ,the way of the cow.She wandered over the sea,which by chance got from her its name the Ionian Sea .In the end she arrived in Egypt where she was turned back into her natural form .She settled down and gave birth to a son,Some of her children remained in Egypt and ruled as kings for a longtime.

1.Lull: To cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm.

15 The Sirens

Far out in the sea there was an island,on the rocky edge of which lived three Sirens,the three sisters of magic song.Half human and half bird,the Siren sisters sat in a field of flowers,singing in voices that excited the hearts of men.The attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks.No sailor nor ship had ever been known to pass the Island of the Sirens without being attracted to disaster .

Acting on the advice of Circe,Odysseus took careful preparation against the Sirens.Before their ships came to where they could hear the song,Odysseus had himself tied to the mast ,stopped the ears of his men with wax and ordered them to ignore his orders and gestures when they were passing the fatal is land .

Soon they came in sight of the rocky is land,and the attractive song reached the ears of Odysseus.It moved him so much that he struggled in despair to free himself and shouted for his men to turn towards the rich and flowery grass land of the singing sisters.But no one paid any attention to him.The sailors kept straight on until they were pletely out of hearing.Then his friends freed him and took the wax out of their ears.For once the Sirens had sung with no effects.The eldest of the sisters,Partherope,loved Odysseus so much that she threw herself into the sea after his ships had passed.

16 Hecuba

Hecuba's life was one of grief and sorrow.She saw with her own eyes her eldest born Hector killed and insulted by Achilles.She saw her son Polites slain in front of her by Pyrrhus.And she saw her husband,the aged Priam,dragged towards the household altar and ruthlessly butchered there.After the fall of Troy she was carried into slavery .She had the misfortune to witness her daughter Polyxena,her sole consolation in bondage ,sacrificed at the tomb of Achilles.She had the sad fate to see washed ashore the corpse of her youngest son Polydorus,who had been entrusted to the Thracian king for safekeeping.With her fifty children all dead she became the queen of sorrows from whom no other woman could obtain the crown .Yet in her distress and despair,she plucked up her courage to avenge herself upon the Thracian king,who had murdered her son in order to get her son's gold.Later,as Dionysus had prophesied ,she was transformed into a dog with blood-shot eyes and,unable to endure the new misery,she leapt into the sea and thus ended her unfortunate life.

1.slain: To kill violently.

2.butcher:To kill brutally or indiscriminately.

3.corpse: 尸体

4.prophesy: 预告;预示

17 The Four Ages

There had been four ages since the human world first came into being .They are the Golden Age,the Silver Age,the Age of Bronze and the Age of Iron.The Golden Age was the best of all.It was an age when Kronus sat on the throne.Generous nature met all the needs of men .There were no extremes of cold and heat.And the evils of the human world were still kept in the cask.Epimetheus guarded the cask and Pandora was not yet made to open.Men lived a happy life.They were forever young.They were always eating richly and knew neither hard labour nor sorrow.When death came it came like a peaceful sleep.And they became good spirits in heaven .

The Silver Age was one in which the human race was somewhat less valuable in body and mind.The period was of helpless be ginning.It lasted a hundred years.And it was the time of manhood,short and troubled.Men spent in ignorance and evil.They no longer admired the gods and offered no sacrifices.However,as the race of the Silver Age was not entirely lack of goodness,they had some honour and lived on as spirits under the earth.

During the age of Bronze men became further degenerated .Dressed in bronze and armed with weapons of bronze,they live din the houses of bronze.Cruel and heartless,they delighted in war and died in endless struggle.When they passed away,they came into the darkness of the lower world.

The last age,that of Iron,was one of continual care and grief.There was no family love,no sense of respectful duty,no friend ship and hospitality.Nor was there any faith,truth and justice.Evil was widespread,might was right,and the flames of war burnt the surface of the earth.It was a race of men given up by gods .

18 The Golden Fleece

King Athamus of northern Greece had two children, Phrixus and Helle.After he left his first wife and married Ino,a wicked woman,the two children received all the cruel treatment that a stepmother could devise ,At one time the kingdom was ruined by a famine.Ino persuaded her credulous husband into believing that his son,Phrixus,was the actual cause of the disaster,and should be sacrificed to Zeus to end it.The poor boy was then placed on the altar and was about to be knifed when a ram with golden fleece was sent down by the gods and carried off the two children on its back.As they flew over the strait that divides Asia from Europe,Helle,faint at the vast expanse of water below ,fell into the sea and was drowned.Thus the sea of Helle,Hellespont,became the ancient name of the strip of water.Her brother kept on and arrived in Colchis on the eastern shore of the Black Sea.There he sacrificed the ram to Zeus and gave its golden fleece to King Aeetes,who nailed it on a sacred tree and put a sleepless dragon in charge . credulous: Disposed to believe too readily; gullible.

1.ram:羊;

2.fleece: 羊毛

19 Pygmalion

Pygmalion,King of Cyprus,was a famous sculptor.He made an ivory image of a woman so lovely that he fell in love with it.Every day he tried to make Galatea up in gold and purple,for that was the name he had given to this mistress of his heart.He embraced and kissed it,but it remained a statue.In despair he t to Aphrodite's shrine for help.Offering rich sacrifice and sending up a passionate prayer,he begged the goddess to give him a wife as graceful as Galatea.Back home,he t straight up to the statue.Even as he gazed at it a change came over it.A faint colour appeared on its cheeks,a gleam shone from its eyes and its lips opened into a sweet smile.Pygmalion stood speechless when Ualatea began to move towards him.She was simple and sweet and alive!Soon the room was ringing with her sliver voice.The work of his own hands became his wife.

20 Endymion

Endymion was a handsome young shepherd who kept his flocks of sheep on Mt Latmos,Asia Minor .Living in a quiet,lovely valley,he lived a perfectly peaceful life.Sometimes when his sheep grazed happily on some rich grass around,he would lie down on the meadow and sleep soundly,pletely free from worldly grieves and cares.

One clear,bright night,as Artemis drove her carriage across the heavens,her eyes chanced upon a beautiful youth sleeping in the peaceful valley below.Her heart beat with love and admiration.She came down from her moon carriage and gave a quick but passionate kiss on his face.Even the sleepy Endymion was fascinated at the sight of the fair maiden as he opened his eyes.But the vision disappeared so soon that he regarded the whole scene as a dream.Every night Artemis floated down to steal a kiss from the lips of the sleeping shepherd until her occasional carelessness of duty caused the suspicion of Zeus.The father of gods and men decided to remove the earthly temptation to the goddess forever.He called for Endymion on to him and ordered him to choose between death in any form and everlasting youth in perpetual dreamy sleep .The shepherd chose the latter,and he still slept on Mt Latmos,with the moon goddess sadly visiting and kissing him every night.

21 Lotus Eaters

On the tenth day after leaving Troy,Odysseus and his men came to an island,where the people only took lotus fruit and flowers as their food.This plant had such a magic effect on its eaters that it could make them forget their past and produce a dreamy laziness over them.When Odysseus' men arrived,they were kindly invited by the people on the is land to eat the sweet food.Its magic power began to work on the immediately.They fell into a deep daydream.They lost all wishes for future,To them the sea and ship appeared dull and hateful.And they were not eager to see wife,child and kingdom.When he saw no trace of his men ing back,Odysseus became suspicious.He set out with some well armed men to find out the truth.It did not take him long to find out the magic effect of the food.Not allowing his followers to touch the plant,he ordered them to drag their lazy friends back to their ship.There he had them tied to the benches until they slept off the harmful effect of the lotus .Without hesitation they set sail,leaving the dreamy lotus eaters behind.

1.lotus: 莲,荷花; 希神〉忘忧果

22 Daphne

Daphne was a lovely blooming fairy maiden.As she was playing merrily in the woods one day she saw Apollo the sun-god staring at her with more than amazement and ad miration in his eyes.The beaming face of the sun put her to flight.The eager Apollo followed her closely behind,calling out to her to stop.His passion had been lighted by her beauty and grace.He was afraid that this might be the last time he saw her.The quick footed maiden made the best of her legs ,but the passionate Apollo pressed hard upon her .Through rough fields and pathless woods she ran,but the sound of his pursuing feet ever grew nearer.As he ran he begged his beloved maiden to slow down,for he feared that she might fall and hurt her sparkling skin on the rocky roads.But the escaping maiden never cared so much about that.She even threw one glance back wards .At last she was quite breathless and cried to her father,a river god,for help.No sooner had her prayer

been uttered than answered ,for she had instantly found herself glued to the ground and a layer of soft bark growing over her fair skin .She had been turned into a laurel tree.Sighing,Apollo put his arms around the tree trunk.The trunk responded by turning thinner.To show his undying love for the maiden,he decided that the laurel would be his favorite tree and should be the prize of honour and fame for deathless poets and poetry .Thus the most outstanding poet always desires to be made a poet laureate .

1.migration:赞赏,惊讶,大惊小怪

2.laurel: 月桂树;

3.poet laureate: 桂冠诗人

23 Narcissus

Narcissus had a twin sister whom he loved better than anyone else in the world.This sister died when she was young and very beautiful.Narcissus missed her so very much that he wished he might die too.

One day,as he sat on the ground by a spring,looking absently into the water and thinking of his lost sister,he saw a face like hers,looking up at him.It seemed as if his sister had bee a water nymph and were actually there in the spring,but she would not speak to him.

Of course the face Narcissus saw was really the reflection of his own face in the water,but he did not know that.In those days there were no clear mirrors like ours;and the idea of one's appearance that could be got from a polished brass shield,for instance,was a very dim one.So Narcissus leaned over the water and looked at the beautiful face so like his sister's,and wondered what it was and whether he should ever see his sister again.

After this,he came back to the spring day after day and looked at the face he saw there,and mourned for his sister until,at last,the gods felt sorry for him and changed him into a flower. This flower was the first narcissus .All the flowers of this family,when they grow by the side of a pond or a stream,still bend their beautiful heads and look at the reflection of their own faces in the water.

24 Ixion

In Thessaly there once lived a king by the name of Ixion.He was both handsome and mighty.He t to woo the beautiful maiden Dia and won her love,but her old father was most reluctant to part with his child.only when Ixion swore to let him have his royal treasure house did the father agree to give the king the hand of Dia in marriage .Ixion took Dia home with him.But he was in no mood to keep his promise,for a long time passed and no treasure ever came to the old man.Impatient to have his promised wealth,the old father t to see Ixion and gave him no peace,until at last Ixion decided to get rid of him once and for all .Opening the door of his treasure house,he pushed the old man in and there burnt him to death.

woo: To seek the affection of with intent to romance.

Zeus was furious over the terrible deed.The frightened Ixion t up to heaven and asked the father of gods and men to rid him of his dishonesty .His prayers were granted,and he stayed happily for a while in the glorious home of the gods,There his lecherous eyes fell on Hera,whose radiant beauty fascinated his heart.Forgetting Dia at home,he planned for Hera to elope with him.Seeing all this,Zeus sent a cloud in the form of Hera to Ixion.The impious king made love to the shade and made it the mother of the centaurs .The infuriated Zeus cast Ixion down to

Hades and had him bound to a wheel of fire,which,forever revolving,racked and tore his body in its unbroken swift revolutions.

1.elope:to run away with a lover, especially with the intention of getting married.

2.impious: Lacking reverence; not pious.

25 Orion

Orion was a giant hunter.He was the beautiful son of Poseidon.One day,when hunting in the forest,he caught sight of Artemis' fair maidens,the seven Pleiades .He was so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.In despair the charming maidens prayed to Artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .Later he fell in love with another maiden,Merope by name,but rash and impatient,he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,King Oenopion of Chios.The king made him drunk and put out his eyes .Following the sound of the Cyclopes' hammer,he t to Hephaestus,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.Exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun,he was restored to his eyesight.He became a constant panion of Artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog Sirius(天狼星).Apollo did not approve of this love,however.One day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.Little did she suspect that she was aiming her arrow at Orion,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of Orion swimming in the ocean.Artemis was extremely sad.As she could not pull him back from the grasp of Death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation,with his hunting dog Sirius be side him.

26 Tantalus

Tantalus was the rich and mighty king of Lydia.Son of Zeus by a fairy maiden,he was greatly favored by the gods.He was invited to share wine and food with them at their banquets,and he was let into their secrets .But ever the latter end of joy is woe .Either because he had stolen wine or gave away the secrets of Zeus,or because he had bee so proud as to test the gods by serving up the flesh of his son Pelops to them,he incurred the wrath of Zeus and was hurled down to the everlasting darkness of Tartarus .There he was made to stand up to his chin in a little lake,with clusters of luscious fruits hanging over and around his head.He strove eternally to drink the ever-evading water and to clutch at the delicious fruits which were ever tossed out of his reach by blasts of wind.Thus he was doomed to endure endless burning thirst and bitter hunger in the world of the shades.The whole occurrence has given rise to the expression“tantalizing”,meaning something in plain view but unattainable .

1.luscious: : adj. Sweet and pleasant to taste or smell:

2.strive: To struggle or fight forcefully; contend:

3.tantalize: To excite (another) by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach.

27 Actaeon

When she was tired with hunting Artemis used to take a bath in a little mountain spring.One hot summer afternoon she was playing in the cool,quiet water with her maidens when she heard a rustle behind the bushes .She felt quite angry to find that a young hunter was peeping admiringly at her naked body .Her maidens gave a sharp cry and crowded around the goddess.But young Actaeon had seen the huntress.

Actaeon loved the hunting.He had been searching the woods every day.On this particular afternoon he felt so tired with running about that he,by accident,came over to the spring in search of water.He was thus surprised to find Artemis bathing.The angry goddess was not to be calmed.She splashed water in the hunter's face.As soon as the water drops fell on Actaeon,he was changed into a stag .Just at that moment he heard the barking of his team of fifty hunting dogs.They were ing up to him.He was suddenly seized with fear ,and presently ran away.The dogs,all driven mad by the goddess,ran after him closely.Running as fast as his legs could carry him,Actaeon was soon out of breath .Feeling certain that he was to die,he dropped to the ground and made no further attempt to get up.The dogs came nearer to their former master and tore him to pieces.

1.stag: The adult male of various deer, especially the red deer.

2.Artemis: the virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon and twin sister of Apollo.

28 Atlas and Perseus

After the killing of Medusa,Perseus,carrying her head with him,flew far and wide,over land and sea.As night came on,he reached the western limit of the earth ,where the sun goes down.Here he would gladly have rested till morning.It was the kingdom of King Atlas,who was bigger than all other men.He was rich in flocks and herds and had no neighbor or rival to invade his country.But his chief pride was in his gardens,whose fruit was of gold,hanging from golden branches,half hid with golden leaves.Perseus said to him,“I e as a guest.I claim Zeus for my father and I killed Medusa.I seek rest and food.”But Atlas remembered that an ancient prophecy had warned him that a son of Zeus should one day rob him of his golden apples .So he answered,“Go away!Or neither your false claims of glory or parentage shall protect you” ;and he attempted to drive him out.Perseus,finding the giant too strong for him,said,“Since you value my friendship so little,please accept a gift”;and turning his face away,he held up Medusa's head.Atlas was changed into stone.His beard and hair became forests,his arms and shoulders cliffs,his head a summit,and his bones rocks.Each part increased till he became a mountain,and(such was the pleasure of the gods)heaven with all its stars rests upon his shoulders.

1.Medusa:The Gorgon who was killed by Perseus.

2.prophecy: An inspired utterance of a prophet, viewed as a revelation of divine will.

3.parentage: Descent from parents; lineage:

29 The Golden Touch

Midas,son of the Great Goddess of Ida,by a hero whose name is not remembered ,was a pleasure loving King of Macedonian Bromium,where he ruled over the Brigians and planted his famous rose gardens.

One day,the old hero Silenus,Dionysus' former teacher,happened to straggle from the main body of the Dionysian army as it marched out of Thrace into Boeotia,and was found sleeping and drunken in the rose gardens.The gardeners tied him and led him before Midas,to whom he told wonderful tales of a big continent lying beyond the Ocean's stream ——altogether separate from the united mass of Europe,Asia,or Africa——where gigantic,happy,and long lived people lived in splendid cities,enjoying a wonderful law system.Midas,delighted with Silenus' fictions,entertained him for five days and nights,and then ordered a guide to lead him to Dionysus' headquarters.

Dionysus,who had been worrying about Silenus,sent to ask how Midas wished to be rewarded.He replied without hesitation:“Please turn all I touch into gold.” However,not only stones,flowers,and the furnishings of his house turned to gold but,when he sat down to table,so did the food he ate and the water he drank .Midas soon begged to be freed from his wish,because he was fast dying of hunger and thirst.Highly amused ,Dionysus told him to visit the source of the river Pactolus and there wash himself.He obeyed,and was at once freed from the golden touch,but the sands of the river Pactolusare bright with gold to this day.

Dionysus: The god of wine and of an orgiastic religion celebrating the power and fertility of nature.

30 Laodamia

When the Greek ships reached the Trojan land at the outbreak of the war,a prophet declared that the first Greek setting foot on the enemy soil was doomed to die .Protesilaus,a Greek chief,seeing that there was a good deal of hesitation among his rades,leapt overboard and fell instantly,pierced through by Hector's spear .When his wife Laodamia heard of this she was simply inconsolable .She offered rich sacrifice to the gods and begged Zeus to restore her slaughtered lord to her.Moved by her fidelity ,Zeus sent Hermes to escort the shade of Protesilaus back to the upper air to stay with his wife for three hours.Laodamia's joy knew no bounds when she held her slain lord once more in her arms.Protesilaus told her the story of his self-sacrifice,and Laodamiawas happy to bee a bride for a second time.However,she gave a sharp cry when she saw Hermes ing at the fixed hour to take Protesilaus back to the lower world.So sad was she at the second parting that she died of grief not long after.The pair were reunited in Hades.

31 Arethusa

Arethusa was once a fairy maiden huntress.She carried bow and arrows for Artemis in her hunting.She was so devoted to her work that she cared for neither admiration nor love.One sunny summer day,she felt hot and found a cool stream quite attractive.She jumped into the delightful stream and happily started swimming.Presently she heard a bubbling in the stream and was surprised to find it was the thundering voice of the river god Alpheus.The maiden made for the shore and,fully naked,started running away.Taking a human form,the river-god followed closely in pursuit .Onward they sped over hill and valley,across dark heights and over broad plains,until the waters of the western sea lay stretched out right before them .Helplessly the exhausted Arethusa cried to her patroness for help.Artemis instantly cast a cloud over her body,but the pigheaded Alpheus was not to be tricked.Then a cold sweat broke from the maiden's arms and legs.The drops of water fell from all over her body.She had been turned into a spring!Alpheus recognized her new form and presently took his former shape to join with Arethusa and enjoy her pany.Artemis then broke the ground and Arethusa sank down and flowed all the way through the under world from Southern Greece to Sicily .She rose up again at Syracuse,only to find that the river god had endured the darkness of the lower world and turned up as a stream as well.Mixing his waves with hers,he gained her love in the end.

1.patroness: A patron saint.女守护神

32 Artemis

Apollo drove his golden carriage across the heavens during the day,admired as the sun-god.Artemis also raced across the sky in solemn style at night,respected as the moon-goddess.Sitting in an airy carriage drawn by milk white horses,“the queen of wide air” gave off silver light all over the sleeping world below.Though she remained single all her life,the maiden heart of the goddess was at least for once excited as she saw the beautiful youth Endymion sleeping.

She was pure and fair and calm.She was the example of maiden modesty and grace.Just as Apollo represents manly beauty,so Artemis stands for feminine purity and virginity .As their patron goddess she took it as her duty to protect marrying girls and young women in trouble.It was her altar that those maidens turned for love and happiness.

The twin sister of Apollo was also the goddess of hunting and wild life .Dressed in a short hunting-suit ing up to the knee and followed by a team of noisy lovely fairy maidens,Artemis had always her bow of pearl and shining arrow with her and travelled in the woods in search of wild animals.When she felt hot and tired she would retire to a spring to take a bath.It was here that young Actaeon accidentally came and suffered cruel treatment at the hands of the goddess.Indeed,the goddess could be thoroughly heartless and stopped to be lovely as soon as the bad side of her nature got the upper hand in her.The sad thing of Niobe was just a case in point.

33 Hermes

Immediately after he was born,Hermes was appointed god of thieves at Olympus.And a thief he became when he was barely a few hours old.Feeling hungry,the infant left his cradle after nightfall to hunt for food.He chanced upon Apollo's oxen grazing on a meadow and drove a number of these animals away,tying tree branches around the feet of the cattle to make their footsteps dim.He killed two of these oxen and had a magnificent dinner.Then he slipped back into his little bed in his mother's house.When Apollo came to question him Hermes pretended to be innocent.The angry sun god dragged him up to Olympus,where he was accused of the stealing and made to return the cattle to their master.In reconciliation little Hermes gave Apollo the lyre he had made out of a tortoise shell,and Apollo was so pleased with the gift that he presented his little brother with a magic stick.The stick could pacify hostile forces.

In due time Hermes was appointed messenger of Zeus and the gods.The gods equipped him with a pair of winged sandals and winged cap to enable him to travel swifter than sight.It was Hermes who took the messages of Zeus to the world below.

1.sandal: 凉鞋, 檀香, 便鞋

Hermes was a patron of travellers.His busts and statues were set up as dividing marks at crossroads or street corners to guide passersby.The Hermes,as these statues were called,were regarded as sacred,and their mutilation was sacrilegious and punishable by death.The destruction of the numerous Hermes within the city of Athens caused a terrible excitement among its citizens that it might be no exaggeration to state that it changed the whole course of historic development of Athens .

2.sacrilegious: grossly irreverent toward what is or is held to be sacred.

34 Venus and Adonis

Aphrodite loved Adonis more than she did anybody else,for he was a brisk,lovely young hunter.She gave up her home at Olympus and took to the woods.In the woods she dressed herself up like a huntress and kept the youth pany all day long.With him she wandered through grounds and groves and over hills and valleys.She cheered hunting dogs and pursued animals of a harmless sort.They had a great time together.However,she warned him many times not to chase wild beasts like lions and wolves,but the young man just laughed at the idea.

One day,after warning him thus,she left for Olympus in her carriage.Quite by chance Adonis' hunting dogs found a boar,which roused Adonis to enthusiasm.He hit the beast with an arrow,but the boar,turning on him,buried its white tusk deep into his tender side and trampled him to death.When Aphrodite came back to find her lover cold in death,she burst into a passion of tears .Unable to take him back from the lower world,she sprinkled wine on Adonls' blood and turned it into anemone,a delicate purple flower.

1.boar: 公猪, 野猪, 野猪肉

Aphrodite was not calmed down yet.In grief and despair she flew to Zeus and begged Zeus' sympathy.Hades was by no means prepared to meet her request.After much dispute an agreement was worked out under which Adonis was to spend half the year above ground with Aphrodite,but the remaining six months in the Elysian Fields.Therefore,in spring time Adonis came back to the loving embrace of Aphrodite ,but when winter came he had to return most reluctantly to Hades.

35 Echo and Narcissus

Narcissus was a handsome youth.His lovely face and graceful form were the admiration of all who looked upon him.And he knew it.He was proud that he thought no one but himself was worthy to see his youthful beauty.Thus given up to sweet thoughts of self,Narcissus avoided all pany.He roamed the wooded little valleys every day,madly in love with himself. roam: To move about without purpose or plan; wander.

When he was delightfully wandering through the woods one day,a wood fairy maiden,Echo by name,caught sight of him.She was excited at once.Joyfully ing down towards Narcissus,she stretched out her loving arms.To her dismay,however,the young man roughly brushed her aside and t by without so much as a glance at her.The poor fairy maiden's face turned red and quickly withdrew to a shady spot ,following the object of her love with her longing eyes.

Presently Narcissus stopped to drink from a little stream.Kneeling down on the bank,he saw a lovely face in the clear water.His heart gave a beat.He smiled and was smiled back to.Thinking that it must be a maiden in love with him,he bent down to kiss her.And her lips also drew near his.But as soon a she touched the clear surface the lovely face disappeared.The angry youth was now desperate.Never had he been looked down upon like that before.Day and night,he stayed at the stream without drinking and eating.Before long he died,never suspecting that his maiden was just his own image in the stream.The gods took pity on the fair dead body and turned it into a flower bearing his name.

The intoxicated Echo saw all this.Slowly she became weak for despised love,until at last nothing remained of her except her voice.

36 Tiresias

Tiresias was a blind,dark seeing prophet of Thebes.He was struck with blindness in his youth,because he had spied unwittingly on the goddess Athena.He was wandering in the woods one day when quite unexpectedly he saw a naked maiden bathing in a placid lake .Little did he know that he had offended the virgin goddess.Taken unaware and scarlet with wrath,the goddess exclaimed that whoever had the boldness to steal a glance at her naked body was doomed to perpetual blindness.But when she learned later that the offence was unintentional ,it was too late for her to take back what she had said.Taking pity on the poor youth for the loss of his sight,she obtained from Zeus an exceptional long life for him,and from Apollo a divine power of prophecy.Besides,she provided him with a marvellous sharpness of ear,so that he could under stand the voices of all birds.And she filled his mind with mystic knowledge of things past and of things to e.In short she gave him quite an amount of her own wisdom.He was the first to recognize and wele Dionysus,god of feast and wine,on the The ban land.When the infant Heracles caught Hera's two serpents in its hands,it was Tiresias who cast the child's fortune and revealed the divine origin and destiny of the boy .When Oedipus abused Tiresias as having had a hand in the murder of Laius,Tiresias had the fearless courage to tell the truth that Oedipus was the murderer.Even in the lower world he continued to prophesy.There he helped Odysseus when the hero came to him for advice.Alive,he was highly respected by all;dead,he enjoyed the generous air and rosy light in the land of the Blest.

1.perpetual: Lasting for eternity.

2.serpent: 大毒蛇, 阴险的人

3.blest: 神圣的, 成功的, 幸福的

37 Phaeton

Phaeton was the son of Apollo by Clymene.The mother had filled the lad's head with so many stories of his father's glory that the youth was quite proud.Wherever he t he told those stories again and again until everybody was tired of him.On one occasion,when one of his playmates asked him to show his skill of ing down from sky,he felt quite hard to do it.He came back to his mother and told the unhappy event in tears.Unable to do anything for him,she sent her son eastwards to pray to Apollo for help.

The sun god graciously received his son and heard the story with interest.Then he took an oath by the Styx ,ready to give help according to the boy's request.But he was surprised to hear that the boy's hope was to drive his fiery carriage.He told his son of the dangers on the way,but failed to stop him from the try.As the god had sworn by the Styx there was no going back on his word.In his desperate effort to avoid disaster,Apollo warned his son to keep to the middle course and stop the horses in time.

Phaeton joyfully jumped on the carriage and set off.Very soon he lost his way.he grew pale at the great height and the vast sky in front of him and behind.The horses ran wild.Unable to hold them,Phaeton dropped them in fear.Straight down to the earth the carriage dashed.Rivers were dried up.Crops hung down and withered .Men's cries of suffering rose up from the burnt earth.The enraged Zeus soon found the cause of the trouble,and without hesitation gave one of his most powerful thunderbolts at the proud and careless boy.Phaeton dropped straight down into a river.Both parents were sad over the loss of their son.And his sisters,who were so unhappy with his untimely death,were changed into poplars and their tears ambers .

1.untimely:Occurring too soon; premature:

38 The Apple of Discord

The wedding of Peleus and the sea-goddess Thetis were held and all gods were invited.But the absence of one goddess was clearly noticeable.It was Erls,the goddess of discord.As she planted seeds of discord wherever she t,it was natural that her presence at the ceremony was not desirable.She had good reason to feel angry.So she decided to make fun of the group at the party.Eris slipped into the hall after the couple left and rolled on the floor a golden apple ,having the words,“For the fairest”.It caused a violent quarrel among the three goddesses,Hera,Athena and Aphrodite.Zeus found it advisable to send them before a shepherd boy on Mt Ida,Paris by name,for judgment.Hermes,the messenger,took the apple in his hand and led the goddesses away.

Paris was son of Priam,king of Troy.As his mother dreamed at his birth that she was bearing a piece of burning wood,the babe was regarded as representing the destruction of the city itself.To save the kingdom from possible disaster,the parents had the helpless infant left on top of Mt Ida to die.However,he survived his ill fate .Brought up by the herdsmen,he became a strong,handsome lad.He was secretly united with Oenone,a fair and faithful mountain fairy maiden.On this particular day,as he was taking care of his sheep on the mountainside,the youth was surprised to see four human beings standing before him.Hermes told him about his mission and left.The three holy beauties then peted with each other,showing themselves up before the shepherd.Hera promised to make him king of Asia.Athena undertook to help him get imperishable fame in war;whereas Aphrodite offered to secure for him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world.The primitive instinct of the boy thus moved,Aphrodite won the prize,and the other two goddesses left in anger and became deadly enemies of Troy.

1.Oenone: [希神]俄诺涅(特洛伊王子Paris初娶的山林水泽中女神)

39 Callisto

In the charming followers of Artemis there was a beautiful fairy maiden called Callis to.Zeus loved her passionately and often sought her pany.Before the year was out she bore him a son,Arcas by name.He later became the ancestor of the Archadians.Zeus' frequent absences from Mt Olympus caused Hera's suspicions .In time the vengeful queen discovered the truth and drew up an effective plan of paying back.One day Callisto suddenly found herself changed into a bear,with monstrous jaws and bloodshot eyes .Still she remained human in heart.She immediately left her son and t into hiding in the forest.

Years passed.Little Arcas had grown into a young man.He was hunting merrily in the woods one day when a large grey bear suddenly appeared before him.Both were amazed,he terrified at the sight of the frightening bear.The bear recognized that the young hunter was her own son.The young hunter aimed his spear at the slowly approaching bear and was about to pounce upon it.Just at that moment Zeus stepped in and stopped the foolish act.For he had not been able to find the whereabouts of his lovely mistress until quite recently.He had been secretly protecting her from all danger and harm.Now he turned his son into a little bear,and sent both mother and son into the high heavens.In there they have remained to this day,known as the Great and Little Bear .

1.whereabouts: Approximate location:

40 Baucis and Philemon

As was the mon practice with the gods of Olympus,Zeus and Hermes were visiting the world in disguise.One day they came to a village.At a thousand houses they knocked,and a thousand times they were refused rest and food and drink.At last they arrived at a humble cottage,where the old couple Baucis and her husband Philemon lived.Poor but at peace with world,they made the best of what life could offer them ,and felt truly grateful to the gods above.When the two travellers entered the hut,the old couple were glad with lively happiness.They offered their guests their best seat,and immediately set about preparing dinner for them.With no small difficulty they made fire,brought in a fresh cabbage,cut a fat piece of their long kept meat and put them over the fire to cook.The one single goose they were ready to kill for the visitors,but it was saved at the last minute by the guests.The dining bench was a makeshift ,poor and patched but the best they had.The table was supported by a brick.The feast was quite modest,eggs and wine and cottage cheese,and a variety of newly picked fruit.The old couple humbly waited on the visiting guests with sincere looks and eager goodwill.Moved at the hospitality of the house,the gods told their true identity.“We are gods”,said Zeus.“While the neighbour hood pays the penalty for its wickedness you shall be free from misfortune.Coming along with us”.When they were near the top of the hill,Bancis and Philemon looked back and saw all the village below covered by a marsh ,and that among the general ruin and destruction their old cottage alone survived,changed into a grand temple.At their request they were made the guardians of the sacred place of Zeus.When their span of worldly life came to an end they were turned into an ash and linden(菩提树),standing side by side in front of the temple.

1.marsh: 湿地, 沼泽, 沼泽地

41 Poseidon(Neptune)

Poseidon was son of Kronus and Rhea,and brother of Zeus.After the war with the Titans,he became the mighty and majestic god of the sea,ruling all the waters around the earth.He was considered to have the greatest power next to Zeus .Poseidon ruled his kingdom with cold shaking.He could call up all the big winds and stir up or calm down the stormy oceans. with a trident in his hand ,he flew across the waves in a carriage drawn by horses with bronze hoofs and golden hairs.Although he had a seat on Olympus,he lived,most of the time,in his shining golden palace in the deeps of the oceans.

majestic: Having or showing lofty dignity or nobility; stately.

Poseidon was ambitious and aggressive .Unhappy with the part of power given to him,he planned to throw down Zeus from his high position.The plan did not e off,and he was sent away to serve a human being on earth. with the help of Apollo he built the famous walls of Troy for king Laomedon.On one occasion he argued with Athena over the naming of the new city Athens and was forced to give in to the goddess of wisdom.On another he entered into a bitter dispute with Apollo over the king of Corinth and won the case in the end.

Poseidon's loves produced strange children.His wife bore him the children who were half man and half-fish in form.When Demeter did not like his attention and changed herself into a horse,shameless Poseidon turned himself into a horse to continue his seeking.Out of their love a wonderful horse,Arion byname,was born.This horse had the power of speech and was sure to

win all the carriage races in Greece.Poseidon robbed Theophane,a beautiful maiden,and taking her to an island,changed her into a sheep and himself into a ram(公羊).As a result the golden-fleeced ram came into being.

1.fleeced: [纺](针织物)布面起绒的

42 Aphrodite(Venus)

Aphrodite was the goddess of extreme beauty.Her birth was a mysterious one.On one of those days when the

Olympians had begun to enjoy power in the universe,the floating bubbles of the sea glowed with holy brightness.Out of the wave rose a fair and lovely maiden,shining forth warmth and charm.She was then taken by the ocean fairy maiden to Cyprus which became her sacred island.Her beauty was beyond description,and she was rightly called the Beautiful.Over her deathless head was a golden crown,her eyes were deep and soft,and her brows warm.Her long hair flowed over her delicate neck and white bosom .Her slender fingers and rosy-white feet all added to her attractive grace and elegance .Her slim lily form of a figure caused both the enthusiastic admiration of the gods and the burning jealousy of the goddess when she first took her place on Olympus.

She was appointed goddess of Love and Marriage.Sitting in her carriage drawn by sparrows,doves or swans,she traveled far and wide to inspire love in the hearts of all nature and move man and beast and animal and plant to reproduction. with the help of her little son,Eros,the god of love,she made many a tale of happiness and sadness in the life of gods and men.Being less serious,she introduced the idea of free love into married life. She was never faithful to her husband Hephaestus. Her husband on one occasion caught her in a net as she was lying with Mars. Then he held them both up to fun in front of the gods.She was kind and responsible and was ever ready to help young lovers in trouble.She loved Adonis, breathed life into the statue of Galatea and lent a helping hand to young Hippomennes in his race.

43 Thisbe

Thisbe was a Babylonian maid.From her childhood she loved Pyramus who lived in the nearby house.But as the two families were not on good terms they were not al

lowed to meet one another.All they could do was to stand on each side of the wall and hear one another's loving voice. Moved by the young lovers, Aphrodite decided to give them help. One day to the joyful surprise of the pair, there appeared in the party wall a tiny crack through which they could speak to each other in a low voice and even exchange sweet kisses.As love's flame burnt ever hotter the lovers agreed to meet each other under a white mulberry(桑椹树) tree in the woods outside the city.Night came.Thisbe stole out and arrived first at the meeting-place.She was just looking around for her lover when a lioness appeared.The sight of the bloody jaws of the beast was enough to send the screaming girl running , leaving her veil behind. The lioness did not care to chase, but cut the veil and made it dirt with its jaws and claws.Hearing the wild roaring and a sharp cry, Pyramus rushed on to the meeting place,sword in hand, only to find that both lioness and the girl had gone. His eyes fell on the dirty veil and he instantly guessed what had happened to his beloved.In despair he kissed the veil,drew his sword and plunged it into his

breast . The pouring blood turned the white mulberry tree into a dark purple.When This be returned to join her boy-friend,she found him rolling in his death pain.She showered tears and kisses on his cold pale face, hoping to get him back to life.He opened his eyes and tried to speak, but Death had e to lead him away. with a cry of anger,This be fell on Pyramus' sword and t to keep him pany in the lower world.

44 Echo

Echo was a nymph who talked too much.She was very fond of having the last words.One day she spoke rudely to the great Hera,who said that for this offence Echo should never use her voice again,unless to repeat what she had just heard,but since she was very fond of last words,she might repeat the last words of others.This was almost as bad as if Hera had changed her into a parrot.Echo was very much ashamed,and hid herself in the forest.

Narcissus,a young man who had hair as yellow as gold and eyes as blue as the sky,——a very rare thing in Greece,where most people were very dark,——used to hunt in the forest where Echo was hiding.As she was looking out shyly from some cave or from behind a great tree,Echo often saw Narcissus,and she admired him very much.

One say Narcissus became separated from his friends,and hearing something rustle among the leaves,he called out,“Who's here?”

“Here,” answered Echo.

“Here I am.Come!”said Narcissus.

“I am e,” said Echo;and,as she spoke,she came out from among the trees.

When Narcissus saw a stranger, instead of one of his friends as he had expected,he looked surprised and walked quickly away.

After this, Echo never came out and allowed herself to be seen again ,and in time she disappeared till she became only a voice.

This voice was heard for many,many years in forests and among mountains,particularly in caves.In their lonely walks,hunters often heard it.Sometimes it repeated the barking of their dogs;sometimes it repeated their own last words.It always had a strange and sad sound,and seemed to make lonely places more lonely still.

45 Hyacinthus

Hyacinthus was a beautiful Greek boy who was greatly loved by Apollo,Apollo often laid aside his golden lyre and his arrows,and came down from Mount Olympus to Join Hyacinthus in his boyish games.The two were often busy all day long,following the hunting dogs over the mountains or setting fish nets in the river or playing at various games.

Their favourite exercise was the throwing of the discus .The discus was a heavy metal plate about a foot across, which was thrown somewhat as the round ring is thrown.One day Apollo threw the discus first,and sent it whirling high up among the clouds for the god had great strength.It came down in a fine,strong curve,and Hyacinthus ran to pick it up.Then as it fell on the hard earth,the discus bounded up again and struck the boy a cruel blow on his white forehead. Apollo turned as pale as Hyacinthus,but he could not undo what had been done.He could only hold his friend in his arms,and see his head bend down like a lily on a broken stem ,while the purple blood from his wound was dropping down to the earth.

1.lily: 百合, 百合花, 洁白的东西, 纯洁的人

There was still one way by which Apollo could make Hyacinthus live,and this was to change him into a flower.So,quickly,before it was too late,he whispered over him certain words the gods knew,and Hyacinthus became a purple flower,a flower of the colour of the blood that had flowed from his forehead.As the flower unfolded,it showed a strange mark on its petals ,which looked like the Greek words meaning woe!woe!

Apollo never forgot his boy friend;but sang about him to the acpaniment of his wonderful lyre till the name of Hyacinthus was known and loved all over Greece.

46 Pan

Pan's Parentage was a problem Of long argument. But most writers of Greek mythology agree that he was the son of Hermes by the lovely fairy maiden Penelope.He was a cold,hairy country monster, with the upper part of a man and the body and legs of a goat.Wandering about in the mountains and woods with other wood gods and cheerful fairy maidens. Pan led a perfectly carefree life.He was admired as the god of woods and pastures , with prophetic powers.He represented nature and country Iife.In old times he was honoured as a god who was good,just and holy.

Pan had a strong desire for women.At one time he loved a charming maiden,Syrinx,but to his disappointment his love was not returned.One day Syrinx left Pan with a fearful step ,which lighted Pan's love all the more.He ran after her and was almost overtaking her when she was turned,at her own request,into a clump of reeds by Mother Earth .Pan wept bitterly at the change.Sadly he picked some pieces of the reeds and fashioned a pipe .He played so sweetly on it that Apollo was helpless before him.

1.reed: n.芦苇, 芦笛, 簧片, 管乐器

At the time of the battle of Marathon Pan met the Athenian messenger to Sparta .He asked the man to say to the Athenians that,although they did not like him,he still felt kindly towards them and would aid them in their difficulties.When fighting against enemies t on near Marathon,the Athenians were surprised to see that the Persian soldiers were suddenly seized with a mysterious fear and ran away from the field in disorder.The great Pan had struck into the hearts of the Persians a kind of fear.The fear has been ever since known as panic .After the war the Athenians gratefully dedicated a temple to Pan .The sacrifices and games were held in his honour.

47 Tithonus

Every day,when Helios drove his wonderful horses and his fiery carriage across the sky,it was Aurora who opened the gates of pearl and drew back the dark curtains of the night;for Aurora was the goddess of the dawn .She was so beautiful that the whole sky became pink with pleasure when she appeared in the east.

On the earth lived a man called Tithonus,who loved Aurora so well that he never failed to leave his bed while it was still dark,to watch for her ing.Aurora loved Tithonus too,and one day she flew to the king of the gods,and begged of him that Tithonus might be given a cup of magic liquid ,and so bee living forever.

Zeus allowed this request, and Aurora took Tithonus up to Mount Olympus to live in her golden

house.

The goddess had forgotten to ask that Tithonus might never grow old.Therefore,the time came when gray hairs could be seen among his golden curls . Aurora was kind to him in spite of this,and continued to give him beautiful clothes,and to feed him on the food of the gods.Still, Tithonus grew older and older,and in time,after several hundred years,he was so old that he could not move at all.Little was left of him but his voice ,and even that had grown high and thin. Then he was so weak that he had to be shut up in a room,for safekeeping.Aurora felt so sorry to see him bee weaker and weaker in this way that she changed him into a little insect,and sent him down to the earth again,where men called him the grasshopper.

Very glad to be free and active once more,Tithonus jumped about in the fields all day,chirping happily to Aurora.

48 Athena

On one occasion Zeus suffered a bad headache.All the gods,including Apollo,the god of medicine ,had tried uselessly to offer an effective treatment .Then the father of gods and men asked Hephaestus to open his head.This the god of the fire did.To the wonder of all the Olympians,a goddess,well-grown and full-armed,came out of Zeus' head.The goddess was giving off light and splendor. She was Athena,goddess of wisdom and knowledge and patroness of Athens .

The story of Athena being patron goddess of Athens concerns the struggle between the goddess and Poseidon.When the city of Athens was first built by a Phoenician ,both Poseidon and Athena peted for the honour of naming it.It was then agreed that whoever offered the most useful object for men would bee the patron of the city.Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and produced a horse,whereas Athena had an olive tree to present,a symbol of peace and plenty.As the horse was regarded as struggle and sorrow, Athens was named after the goddess,who soon took the city under her protection.

Athena was the goddess of arts and crafts and woman' s hand work.She was so skilled with her hands that she tolerated no challenge to her skill in this respect . A Lydian maid,Arachne by name,did not seem to think much of Athena's skill,for she frequently talked big that she could beat the goddess if she had the chance to do so.The goddess was quite angry.

Dressed up as an old woman,she t to advise Arachne to be modest.But the ignorant crafts woman bravely asked the goddess herself to e down and pete with her.At this the goddess took off her disguise and accepted the petition. The two women immediately set about making different designs.

While the goddess worked on the story of her rivalry with Poseidon,Arachne began to make a delicate web.When both pieces were finished,Arachne saw,to her surprise,that she had been beaten,for the goddess' design was infinitely better.She felt so shamed that she tied a piece of silk to hang herself.But Just before she breathed her last breath the goddess changed her into a spider and let her weave forever.

49 Marpessa

Marpessa was the only daughter of King Evenus.She was noble and graceful.From her childhood

she was trained by her father like a young hero and was not allowed to have any thought of love and marriage.To deal with the crowd of men who now rushed into his palace,the king proposed that a man have to beat him in a carriage race to win his daughter. Death would be the penalty for the loser . The king was sure of his victory,for his horses came from Ares' stables . Many young princes lost their lives.

Last came Idas,prince of Messenia. He was not discouraged by the fate of those men,because he had Poseidon on his side.Granting his prayers,the sea god had given him two fleet horses and advised him to take his reward as soon as he won the race and flee from the king's attack . He did as he had been told,and King Evenus,lost his own daughter,his only hope in life,drowned himself in a river.

Idas and Marpessa presently arrived at a riverside,where ldas put down his beloved to enjoy a bit of rest and food and drink.They spent the night in a temple nearby.When morning came,Idas found that Marpessa had been stolen by Apollo.He ran after the immortal god—Apollo,feeling quite ready to fight and die for his love.Apollo held his unescapable arrows .Idast forward with his sword.The duel was about to start when suddenly they heard a thunderbolt round about,and Zeus himself arrived to stop the unequal contest.He gave the maiden the choice between immorality and eternal glory on one side and on the other a mortal life of faithful love mixed with endless cares and grieves .Fearing infidelity on part of a god ,Marpessa turned down the sweet promises of Apollo and chose for her panion in life one capable of a like fate.Apollo left in bad spirits; Idas felt on top of the world .

50 Niobe

Niobe,the queen of Thebes,had indeed good reason to be proud of her herself .Both her father and mother were gods.Her husband was a capable and outstanding musician.And she was both wealthy and powerful.But what made her the happiest lady in the world was her fourteen children,seven manly sons and seven beautiful daughters.They were all so strong and fair that the whole world looked upon them with admiration.

It happened at the time that every spring the Theban women gathered at the temple of Leto to offer flowers at the altars of the great mother.She had given birth to two grand children,Apollo and Artemis.Her women showed a great deal of loyalty and respect to her.This made Niobe jealous and angry.When the nuns of Leto called the women again to the sacred place of the mistress of Zeus one spring,Niobe decided to put an end to the foolish act forever.In her pretty flowing robe she came to the women and blamed the crowd for their mad faith in a goddess.They had never seen this goddess.Niobe declared herself nobler and greater,and demanded to be admired in place of Leto,who,she said,was no more than a poor mother of two children.The frightened women were loyal to the queen,and left the sacred place in silence.Leto was neglected.

Standing on top of a hill overlooking Thebes ,Leto saw all this and was ready to pay back.She found out Apollo and Artemis and told them the story.Before long,the impatient Apollo arrived outside Thebes in hidden clouds.The seven sons of Niobe were playing on the ground,two riding horses and two wrestling while the other princes happily stood by.Appllo held out his bow.One by one the princes fell under his accurate shooting.Even the youngest,who prayed for mercy,was not spared.

Niobe was greatly changed.She was all sorrow and grief,but her rude spirit was not put

down.She came to the dead bodies of her sons with her daughters and let out a torrent of impolite words at Leto and her children.This time it was Artemls' turn to draw her bowstring .Almost in a twinkling of an eye all the seven lively daughters fell,turning in their blood,and soon stopped to breathe.Nio be became numb of feeling .She sat among the fourteen dead bodies,motionless,her eyes blank,her tears rolling down her cold face.Her bitter anger had turned her into a stone!Later,a gust of wind swept her to her homeland in Asia,where she could still be seen sitting on top of a hill,tears of bitterness streaming out of her strong eyes.

51 Helen

Helen was the most beautiful woman of the world.She was an infamous lady.She lighted the flames of the Trojan war and brought extreme destruction on the city of Troy.Helen was the daughter of Zeus.Helen's matchless beauty and charms drew towards her many heroes from all parts of Greece.

When still small she was carried off by Theseus,who wished to have a divine wife .But she was rescued later by her brother Castor,and brought back to her native land.Her stepfather married her to Menelaus,king of Sparta.

Nothing of importance had happened to her married life until Paris came to visit Sparta.Helen was attracted by Paris' lovely face.They stole one another's love in the absence of Menelaus and then eloped on board a ship to Troy.Helen left her young daughter behind.To get Helen back,the Greek army sailed across and laid a long siege to the city of Troy .

Helen was quietly weaving her story into a web of golden carpet one day when she was called up the city walls of Troy to look at the fighting between Menelaus and Paris.Menelaus was determined to kill Paris in the battle.Sitting by the side of King Priam,she told the chiefs of the Greek side to him.Tears of love filled up her eyes when she saw her first husband down below.After Paris fled the field she had the feelings of love and scorn.She encouraged Hector and Paris to take the field again and sincerely mourned the death of the true hero Hector. But when Odysseus and Diomedes came in disguise to steal the Palladium,she helped them to do so as much as she could.After Paris died in battle she became the wife of another son of Priam.

In the meantime Menelaus was anxiously searching for Helen in the ruined palaces of Troy.Aphrodite had made Helen more beautiful,so that,when he finally found her trembling in a corner,Menelaus was most unwilling to bring his sword down on her charming face.Menelaus felt secretly overjoyed to have his wife back again.Following Menelaus through the ruins of the city,Helen felt ashamed of her impure behaviour.And she was truly scared at the terrible fate she was to have in the Greek Camp.

Once more her beauty saved her.No one could bring him self to thrust his sword into such a charming and graceful lady.In the tent of Menelaus she threw herself at the feet of the Spartan king,asking for forgiveness .Moved by the scene,Menelaus helped her up and let her forget the past.He held her in his arms while she had tears of grief and happiness.The pair loved each other like before and vanished in the far west.

51 海 伦

海伦是世上最美丽的女人。她也是一位臭名昭著的女人。她点燃了特洛伊的战火,并给特洛伊城造成了巨大的破坏。海伦是宙斯的女儿。她无可匹敌的美丽和魅力使希腊各地的英雄们都迷恋于她。她小的时候被提修斯掠走。提修斯想有一个神性的妻子。但后来海伦被其兄卡

斯特救出,带回到了故土。海伦的继父将她嫁给了斯巴达的国王墨涅劳斯。

在帕利斯来访斯巴达之前,海伦的婚姻生活比较平静。海伦被帕利斯可爱的面容迷住。当墨涅劳斯国王不在时,他们就相互偷情,之后一起乘船私奔到了特洛伊城。海伦将幼小的女儿留在了斯巴达。为了夺回海伦,希腊军队越过海峡,将特洛伊城紧紧包围。

一天正当海伦静静地将自己的经历编织成一块金色的 毯时,有人叫她在特洛伊城上观看墨涅劳斯和帕利斯的决斗。墨涅劳斯决心杀死帕利斯。坐在皮安姆国王旁边,她将希腊一方的首领告诉了国王。当她看到城墙下前夫的身影时,爱的热泪流满了眼帘。帕利斯战败逃离战场后,她的感觉是既爱又卑视。她鼓励海格特和帕利斯再次走上战场,并真诚地为真正的英雄海格特的死而哀痛。但当奥德修斯和狄俄墨德斯化装后来偷窃雅典娜神像时,她竭尽全力帮助了她们。帕利斯战死后,她成了皮安姆国王另一个儿子的妻子。

与此同时墨涅劳斯焦急地在毁坏的特洛伊宫中寻找海伦。爱神阿芙罗狄蒂使海伦变得更美丽了。结果当墨涅劳斯终于发现躲在角落中发抖的海伦时,极不情愿将利剑刺向她那迷人的面孔。而他内心正为夺回海伦暗自高兴,海伦跟随墨涅劳斯穿过特洛伊城的废墟,她深为自己的不洁行为感到耻辱。一想到自己将在希腊军营中遭受的命运,她就心惊胆颤。

她的美丽再次拯救了她。没有人能忍心将剑刺向令人销魂,妩媚动人的女子之身。在墨涅劳斯的帐篷中,海伦跪在斯巴达国王的脚下,乞求饶恕。看到眼前的情形,墨涅劳斯深受感动,他扶起海伦,让她忘掉过去的一切。墨涅劳斯将她抱起来时,海伦的两眼流出幸福与悲伤的泪水。他们俩像以前那样相爱,一同消失在遥远的西方。

作文六:《希腊神话故事》500字

《希腊神话故事》读后感

今天,我读了英国人希尔写的《希腊神话故事》。这本书主要介绍了古希腊的时候,天上的神和地上的国王发生的事情。当时有一个叫潘多拉的少女,打开一个匣子,里面飞出了害虫、疾病、饥荒等各种各样的灾害,是原本美好的世界变得混乱。。。。。。,接下来就发生一系列的混乱的事情。

我比较喜欢的一篇就是《酒神和弥达斯国王的故事》,这篇故事主要讲了酒神在路上不小心把一位随从落下了,国王弥达斯就把随从送了回去。酒神满足了国王的一个愿望-用手触摸的每一件东西都会变成金子。结果,弥达斯每摸到一件东西就变成了金子。起初,这还是一件好事,可是到了后来,连吃的东西也变成了金子。这使国王悔恨不已,于是他又找到酒神,把自身的魔法给解除了,从这篇文章中,我明白了:一个人不能太贪心,否则,就会招致很多灾难。虽然,在现实生活中不可能做到“点石成金“但是现实中有很多事情证明了贪得无厌的人在这个世界是活不下去的。例如,一些贪官,为什么他们做了大官还要贪财呢?最大的原因就是他们对生活不满足,太贪得无厌。我希望大家能像孔子说的那样—“君子食无求饱,居无求安”地生活,只要这样,才能使我们的生活更加美好。

《希腊生活故事》书中还有很多教育人,感动人的故事,真是一本值得推荐的好书。

作文七:《希腊神话故事》700字

古希腊神话

众神之王——宙斯

太阳神——阿波罗

海神——波赛冬

冥王神——哈得斯

智慧女神——雅典娜

众神之王——

太阳神——

海神——

冥王神——

智慧女神——

金羊毛的故事

特洛亚战争的故事

忒修斯为民除害的故事

忒修斯是传说中的雅典国王。忒修斯为民除害消灭了许多凶恶强盗和

猛兽。他遇到最残酷的大盗是达马斯特斯,外号铁床匪。

这个强盗有两张床,一张很长,一张很短。如果过往的外乡人是个小个子,他就把他带到大床跟前,说:“你看到,我的床太

长了,朋友,还是让我把你拉长吧,让你努力适合这张床!说完,就用力把外乡人的身体拉长,直到他断气为止;如果来的客人是高个子,他就让客人睡小床,然后说:“真对不起,好朋友,这张床太小了,不是为你做的。这样吧,我来帮你一下。”说着就把客人的脚砍掉,砍得正好跟床一样长。

忒修斯抓住这个高大的强盗,强迫他睡在小床上,用利剑砍断了他的身体,直到他痛苦地死去。

俄狄浦斯王的故事

俄狄浦斯是忒拜王的儿子,他出生时,父亲忒拜王得到神谕,说他要杀父娶母。 于是把他的脚踵刺穿,丢到荒山野岭,仆人可怜这个刚刚出生的孩子,把他送给科率波斯的一个仆人,然而他却成为了国王波吕波斯的养子。

他长大后知道自己将杀父娶母的神谕,为了逃避这杀人逆伦的可怕命运,他离开了自己的“父母”,向达忒拜走去,在一个三叉路口,他与一个老人争执而误杀了他,那位

老人就是微服出访的忒拜王,他的生父拉伊俄斯,后来他娶了王后——他的生母。他成了杀父娶母的人,自己却毫无所知。

悲剧开始时,瘟疫笼罩忒拜城,按照神示,必须救出杀害前往的凶手,否则全城人民将死于瘟疫中。这时,受到人民爱戴的俄狄浦斯登上王位已经16年。他千方百计追查凶手,结果发现他要找的凶手正是他自己。

得知真相的王后选择了自尽,他刺瞎自己双眼,离开忒拜。

作文八:《古希腊神话故事》2800字

古希腊神话故事

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[中文版]奥德修斯的故事1:忒勒玛科斯和求婚人

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事2:忒勒玛科斯和涅斯托耳

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事3:忒勒玛科斯在斯巴达

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事4:求婚人的阴谋

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事5:奥德修斯离开卡吕普索,船沉落水

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事6:瑙西卡

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事7:奥德修斯和淮阿喀亚人

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事8:奥德修斯叙述他的漂流故事

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事9:喀孔涅斯人,食忘忧果的民族,库克罗普斯人,波吕斐摩斯

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事10:埃洛斯的风袋,莱斯特律戈涅斯人,喀耳刻

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事11:在阴间

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事12:塞壬女仙,斯策拉和卡律布狄斯,太阳神的牛群

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事13:奥德修斯告别淮阿喀亚人

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事14:奥德修斯回到伊塔刻

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事15:奥德修斯和牧猪人

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事16:忒勒玛科斯离开斯巴达

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事17:和牧猪人的谈话

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事18:忒勒玛科斯回到伊塔刻

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事19:奥德修斯对儿子表明身份

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事20:城内和宫中

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事21:忒勒玛科斯,奥德修斯和欧迈俄斯来到城里

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事22:乞丐奥德修斯来到大厅

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事23:奥德修斯和乞丐伊洛斯

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事24:珀涅罗珀和求婚人

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事25:奥德修斯受讥讽

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事26:奥德修斯和忒勒玛科斯、珀涅罗珀在一起

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事27:从夜晚到天明

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事28:宴 会

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事29:射箭比赛

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事30:奥德修斯向忠实的牧人表明身份

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事31:向求婚人复仇

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事32:惩罚不忠的女仆们

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事33:奥德修斯和珀涅罗珀

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事34:奥德修斯和拉厄耳忒斯

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事35:平息城里的叛乱

[中文版]奥德修斯的故事36:奥德修斯的胜利

[中文版]古希腊神话故事:后记

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-11:清扫奥革阿斯的牛棚

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-10:活捉厄律曼托斯山上的野猪

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-9:生擒刻律涅亚山上的牝鹿

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-8:杀死九头蛇许德拉

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-7:勇斗尼密阿巨狮

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-6:赫拉克勒斯与欧律斯透斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-5:赫拉克勒斯与巨人的战斗

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-4:赫拉克勒斯最初的英雄行为

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-3:赫拉克勒斯选择生活道路

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-2:赫拉克勒斯所受的教育

[中文版]古希腊神话故事20-1:赫拉克勒斯的出生和童年时代

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-20:伊阿宋的结局

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-19:阿耳戈英雄们的最后一次冒险

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-18:科尔喀斯人追击而来

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-17:阿耳戈英雄们在归途中

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-16:阿耳戈英雄们带着美狄亚逃跑

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-15:美狄亚取得金羊毛

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-14:伊阿宋完成了埃厄忒斯的使命

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-13:伊阿宋和美狄亚

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-12:美狄亚答应援助阿耳戈英雄们

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-11:阿耳戈斯的建议

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-10:美狄亚和埃厄忒斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-9:伊阿宋在埃厄忒斯的宫殿里

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-8:两座巨大的撞岩

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-7:菲纽斯和妇人鸟

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-6:波吕丢刻斯和珀布律喀亚国王

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-5:赫拉克勒斯留了下来

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-5:赫拉克勒斯留了下来

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-4:阿耳戈英雄们在杜利奥纳人的国土

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-3:阿耳戈英雄们在雷姆诺斯岛

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-2:阿耳戈英雄们乘船出发

[中文版]古希腊神话故事19-1:伊阿宋和珀利阿斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事18:西绪福斯和柏勒洛丰

[中文版]古希腊神话故事17:墨勒阿革洛斯和野猪

[中文版]古希腊神话故事16:普洛克涅和菲罗墨拉

[中文版]古希腊神话故事15:阿克特翁

[中文版]古希腊神话故事14:尼俄柏

[中文版]古希腊神话故事13:珀罗普斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事12:坦塔罗斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事11:代达罗斯和伊卡洛斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事10:伊翁

[中文版]古希腊神话故事9:珀耳修斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事8:彭透斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事7:卡德摩斯

[中文版]古希腊神话故事6:欧罗巴

[中文版]古希腊神话故事5:法厄同

[中文版]古希腊神话故事4:伊娥

[中文版]古希腊神话故事3:丢卡利翁和皮拉

[中文版]古希腊神话故事2:人类的时代

[中文版]古希腊神话故事1:普罗米修斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:回声和那西塞斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:维纳斯和阿多尼斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:海尔墨斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿尔特弥斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿瑞塞莎

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:拉俄达弥亚

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:点金术

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿特拉斯和珀尔修斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿卡同

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:坦塔罗斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:奥利安

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:伊克西翁

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:那西塞斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:丹芙妮

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:吃忘忧树的人

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:恩底弥翁

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:皮格马利翁

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:金色的羊毛

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:四个时代

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:赫克犹巴

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:海妖塞壬

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:伊俄

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:杰森

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:埃杰克斯(巨人)

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:洪水

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:雅典娜的神像

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:菲勒美拉

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:狄俄尼索斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿瑞斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:厄洛斯(丘比特)

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:普罗米修斯

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:阿波罗

[中英文对照]古希腊神话故事:奥林波斯山神

作文九:《古希腊神话故事》1900字

选修课作业报告

报告题目:  读《希腊神话》有感     课程名称:     世界历史探索        学    院:     土  木  工  程         专    业:     给   排    水        年    级:       大  二             学    号:     1308070027           学生姓名:       李 任 池           指导教师:       吴 倩 华

2014 年  12 月

日      13

目           录

一、                二、

第一部分第二部分第三部分三 、

第一部分       第二部分

第三部分引         言

史诗内容简述

神 祇

英 雄

对全书的自我感受

大力神赫拉克勒斯人物背景

人生经历 人格品质

读《希腊神话》有感

-------- 之大力神赫拉克勒斯

引言:

在遥远的古代,人类尚处于懵懂的童年时代,对自然的认识还只是刚刚开始,而在面对强大的自然力量时,人们往往意识到自身力量的渺小,命运的控制权被一种无形的力量所操纵着——人们把这种不知名的力量叫做神。

二    内 容 简 述

第一部分     神 祇

这部分主要介绍了师姐的起源和神祇的来历。天地开辟之前,世界只是一片无边无际的、黑暗的混沌,在混沌中诞生了地神盖亚,她给予生活在她身上的一切以生命,并相继诞生了可怕的深渊塔尔塔罗斯、爱神厄洛斯、黑暗之神艾瑞波斯等神祇。不久,地神又生出了天空、高山和大海,世界初见雏形。后来,天神乌拉诺斯和盖亚生了儿子克罗诺斯,克罗诺斯推翻了父亲天神的统治并生下了宙斯,接着宙斯也推翻了父亲的统治,成了新的主神。之后,宙斯相继通过一系列战争进一步巩固了自己的统治地位,并建立了新的十二主神:赫拉、哈迪斯、伊俄、阿波罗、雅典娜等。上述各神,各有神通,各司其职,服从宙斯的领导,努力维护这世界的秩序。他们都住在光明的奥林波

斯山上。这标志着一个新时代的开始。

第二部分     英 雄

这部分主要介绍了英雄即人的诞生。当世界和平稳定下来之后,主神们一次创造了五个时代和五代人,分别有:黄金时代、白银时代、青铜时代、石器时代和黑铁时代。在此之间诞生了许多伟大的英雄和重要人物,如:普罗米修斯、潘多拉、波尔修斯、赫拉克勒斯、忒修斯等。其中尤以普罗米修斯、波尔修斯、赫拉克勒斯、忒修斯四位颇为著名,因为他们各自都建下了不朽功勋。例如:普罗米修斯为人类盗取天火,授人以计算、测量之法;波尔修斯不惧生死,杀死蛇发女妖莫杜萨;赫拉克勒斯的十二件功绩和忒修斯在去雅典途中的功绩和远航克里特岛杀死怪物,解救童男童女等等。

第三部分      对全书的自我感受

首先,我认为希腊神话故事很好的反映了古代人们对世界起源、自然现象和现实生活的原始理解,并且集中表现了古代人民对自然力的斗争和对理想的追求。

其次,希腊神话既写了神,又写了人,人神一界,内容丰富,寓意多而深刻,具有比较完整的体系和独特的文学魅力。

更重要的是,书中各神和英雄们所体现的那些优良品质,如普罗米修斯的宁死不屈,赫拉克勒斯的百折不挠等都给我留下了深刻的印象,同时也引起了我深深的反思。

三 、        大力神赫拉克勒斯

第一部分       人物背景

在整本书中给我印象最深刻的无疑是大力士赫拉克勒斯。赫拉克

勒斯虽是宙斯的儿子,但却并非含着金钥匙出生,并且在还未出生就成了宙斯妻子赫拉的眼中钉,这也算是为他后来的悲惨人生埋下了伏笔吧。

第二部分       人生经历

自从赫拉克勒斯诞生之日起,赫拉就开始迫害他。在外公安非特

吕翁的悉心照料和英雄般的培养下,赫拉克勒斯很快就成长为一位声名远扬的英雄,但同时厄运也找上了他。在失手打死亲友后,他不得不去往欧律斯透斯处为奴赎罪。在此期间,他经历了无数的艰难险阻,

几次险丧生命,但他都以过人的勇气和坚强的意志走了过来,并建立了包括勒那水蛇、斯廷法里斯湖怪鸟、与马人战斗在内的十二大功绩。

第三部分       人格品质

赫拉克勒斯的一生可谓命途多舛,先是屡遭神母赫拉的百般迫

害,而后又几番失手杀人,找来奴役之灾。可这样的悲惨命运,从未击倒过赫拉克勒斯,在一次又一次的险境中,他一次又一次以自己坚韧的意志突出重围,这都集中体现了他坚忍不拔、果敢睿智、百折不挠的伟大人格品质。

同时我觉得,赫拉克勒斯的一生是具有启发意义的一生。在日常的学习和生活中,我们难免会遇到各种各样的困难,每当这时,或许我们应当想想这位英雄,像他一般,拿出自己的勇气和毅力,坦然面对,并在一次又一次的失败和挫折中不断完善自己、成长自己,是自己成为自己的英雄,这样的话,或许我们成不了神,但我们一定会成功.

人贵在坚持,贵在勇敢,贵在百折不挠,我想这也正是赫拉克勒斯所带给我的。

作文十:《希腊神话故事》4000字

篇一:希腊神话故事读后感

我细细“品味”着《希腊神话故事》中的细节,令我回味无穷。

古希腊神话是古希腊人在公元前十二世纪到公元前八世纪,经过几百年的创作和积累而形成的。而《希腊神话故事》则是在古希腊神话的基础上编著的。它出自德国作家施瓦布之手。话说到这里,我也不得不提一下作者了。古斯塔夫 .施瓦布是十九世纪德国浪漫主义诗人,他1792年出生于斯图加特。他曾今做过牧师与教师。他把古希腊神话和传说重新整理与编排,编著了这本《希腊神话故事》。     相传,最初的世界是一片混沌状态,在混沌之中首先产生了大地女神盖亚,以及老一代的天神。盖亚生下天父尤拉若斯。之后又与天父生下六男六女,称作十二泰坦神。天父担心儿女夺权,把孩子都打入地狱,只有小儿子在盖亚的保护下幸免于难。小儿子克洛若斯长大后打败了父亲,成为新一代的神。天神和姐姐瑞亚生下赫拉、波塞冬、宙斯等三男三女。克洛若斯为了避免子女夺权,在瑞亚的保护下,小儿子宙斯逃过了被吃掉的命运,长大后打败了父亲,主宰了世界,救出了兄姐。后来,宙斯娶了姐姐赫拉为天后,生下了许多子女,组成了新一代神系家族,生活在奥林匹斯圣山。

这本书虽然是一本神话故事,但还是有极大的魅力,使我深有感触。它把一幕幕战争场面刻画的惟妙惟肖。从书中的一个个事例,及赫拉克勒斯,普罗米修斯,伊阿宋等人身上都可以看出人类敢于战胜恶劣的自然环境的豪迈气概和顽强意志。《希腊神话故事》激发了我们阅读文学经典的兴趣,并且陶冶了我们的情操。

古希腊神话流传至今已经有一千多年的历史了,它是世界文学宝库的珍贵遗产,是欧洲文学艺术的瑰宝。

篇二:《希腊神话故事》读后感

在西方,对希腊神话了解的多寡,一向是衡量一个人受教育成都的标志。希腊神话早已成为整个西方文化不可分割的一部分,如果想撇开它而谈论西方文化,几乎是一件不可能的事,精读希腊神话之后,我才清楚了解如果你想真正的读懂西方,希腊神话是一门入门课和必修课。

我不得不惊叹希腊人惟妙惟肖的想象力,他们给每一座山,每一条河甚至一花一草一木都赋予了神的含义,他们长早了太阳神、月亮神、风神、花神、爱神......这些想象蕴含着浓浓的宗教味道如同神与神之间相对松散的关系,时间的车轮慢慢滚向宙斯主宰的奥林匹斯众神时期,12位主神以宙斯为核心,各司其职,整个天庭秩序井然,宛若人间的通知秩序,等到了英雄时代,人间的英雄闪亮登场了,他们成为了故事的主角。这些英雄由于有着神的血脉,因而有着不凡的品格,他们从事着人间的活动,有人的喜怒哀乐、善恶好憎,在纷争和角逐中展示着勇敢和睿智。在他们的故事里我读到了战争的血腥,也读到了和平的美好;读到了爱情的浪漫,也读到了背叛的残酷;读到了勇士的忠诚;也读到了人性的险恶......

古希腊与中国、古罗马、古埃及并称为世界文明古国,读了《希腊神话故事》,我才知道自己之前对希腊的了解是多么浅薄,一个“古”字就饱含几千年的文化,

而我之前对希腊的了解只不过是奥林匹克,希腊为人们创造出没的享受,它就像一篇蔚蓝色无边无际的海洋,它的一切一切都让你陶醉,它让你汲取做人的道理。希腊神话跟清楚地告诉我要善于分辨美与丑、善与恶,当然还有更多的坚持不懈、顽强拼搏的精神还有知情图报、惩恶扬善的品质,它就像我人生旅途中一块重要的里程碑,越过它,我发现自己变得跟强了。

这是经历了3000年锤炼的文学经典,是与《圣经》并重的西方文化起源,是认识古希腊乃至欧洲文化的必读书记,是无数文学和艺术活动的基本素材。它从传说进入歌咏,从歌咏进入故事,从故事进入戏剧,又演变成通行全希腊的史诗,征服了罗马人,征服了全世界,从此单身了“征服者被被征服者的文化征服”的惊叹!

篇三:《希腊神话故事》读后感

人类没有火种将如何生存?这本书从普罗米修斯盗取火种讲起,将一个个神话故事像小读者娓娓道来,如火如荼的演绎着忠实与背叛的人类故事。希腊人的想象和智慧全融在字里行间,展示出人类原始的生存状态究竟是仙是魔,是善是恶?     通过读这本书,我了解了外国的神话、外国火种的来由,还有外国人们心中伟大的神。

我读这本书的同时,还观看了希腊神话故事的动画片,所以我更了解这些故事了。

我知道在中国,传说女娲造了人,在外国,智慧女神雅典娜和普罗米修斯造的

人;人世间的丑恶和灾难都是有火神造出的潘多拉的盒子放出来的。所以人们把丑恶叫成“潘多拉的魔盒”。

从这本书中我体会到外国著作与中国著作大不相同,我认为外国著作比较难读一些,因为一些人名都容易搞混,我还得用本儿记着。人名都记不清,那剧情更不了解了。

这本书不但使我了解外国的历史,还使我对学习外国的著作打下了基础

篇四:《希腊神话故事》读后感

美丽的希腊半岛东临爱琴海,西通爱奥尼亚,北穿赫勒持滂海峡(即达达尼尔海峡)入普罗彭提斯海(即马尔马拉海)。希腊半岛三面环洋,与它相邻的爱琴海中星罗棋布的四百八十多座岛屿则犹如遍洒海面的玉石玛瑙,爱琴海的山山水水孕育了灿烂的希腊文化。《希腊古典神话》就诞生其中。

本书分《天地变幻与种种传说》、《特洛伊传说》、《坦塔罗斯的后裔》、《奥德修斯》和《埃涅阿斯》五卷。以浪漫主义的故事形式反映古希腊人的宗教意识、世俗追求和社会生活风貌,再现了古希腊刀光剑影、杀声震天的战争场面。     希腊神话的产生和发展经历了漫长的岁月。它是多种民族的多种思想和多门语言共同熔炼而成的丰富的文化遗产。它是具有浓厚的浪漫主义色彩、并且打上现实主义时代特色的伟大的文学创作。

《希腊古典神话》给人类社会送上一只潘多拉礼盒,它让“盒内升腾起一股祸

害人间的黑烟,黑烟犹如乌云迅速布满了天空,其中有疾病、癫狂、灾难、罪恶、嫉妒、奸淫、偷盗、贪婪等等。种种祸害闪电般地充斥了人间。盒子底部藏着唯一的好礼物,那就是希望。潘多拉听从神之父的建议,趁着希望还没有来到盒口的时候,连忙把盖子重新关上,从此把人们的希望永远锁闭在潘多拉的盒子内。”人间原来是没有希望的。

应该强调指出,希腊神话的核心是以人为本。神话赞美人的美好,痛斥神的邪恶,歌颂劳动,歌颂生活,坚信世人自身的力量。人,就是社会的希望。

当我读了《希腊神话故事》这本书之后,不禁佩服希腊人的想象力。他们把国内的最高山脉,即奥林匹斯变成众神居住和生活的洞天福地;把种种的自然现象视为神的指示本意,从中来揭示未来的祸福;把祭供现场的实际反应当作详示战争输赢的一种依据……总之,在他们眼里神是存在的。每一个神,每一个英雄,每一个人,都有各自的性格,特点。

希腊的神不像中国的神那样。中国的神,是凭空想象出来的,人们把他们想象得非常完美、伟大而神秘,他们有常人所没有的无上法力,因而人与神之间的差距非常大;而古希腊的神却是古希腊英雄的化身,他们的秉性与人非常相近,他们来往于神和人之间,既有神的伟大,也有人的优点和缺点,人们与神自由相处,和睦相往。但是,为了各自的利益,也会搞阴谋甚至相互残杀,如著名的奥德修斯设计杀帕拉墨得斯,伟大的阿喀琉斯为战利品而跟亚格门农闹翻……把人的优点和缺点都淋漓尽置地展现了出来,把人物形象刻画得非常逼真。

《希腊神话故事》既是一本神话书,又是一本历史书,伟大的特洛伊战争因为有神祗们的加入,而使内容显得更加丰富多彩,读起来使人爱不释手:海神波赛冬为希腊人开路,战神阿瑞斯为特洛伊人助阵,太阳神阿波罗援箭射击波赛冬,智慧女神雅典娜力战阿瑞斯……只要一想到那里,眼前便浮现出勇敢的希腊人与特洛伊人在战场上厮杀,搏斗的场面。

《希腊神话故事》是希腊人智慧的结晶,是希腊悠久的历史和灿烂文化的象征。这本书不但内容精彩,情节复杂,还使我懂得了许多道理:人不可能完美无缺,即使再强悍伟大的人也会有他的弱点。

篇五:《希腊神话故事》读后感

这个暑假,不但看了《城南旧事》这本好书,《希腊神话故事》也很不错。《希腊神话故事》讲了许多希腊优美的神话故事。我也从中认识了许多希腊神话人物。

读完整本书后,我最喜欢的是第十章《阿耳戈英雄们的故事》。它描述珀利阿斯抢了伊阿宋父亲的王位。为了重新得到王位,伊阿宋和一些英雄们去拿金羊毛,历经千心万苦,最后,虽然取得了金羊毛,但仍没拿到王位。

文章里描述最精彩片段是取羊毛。国王把根本完不成的任务交给伊阿宋,最后在美狄亚的帮助下完成任务。故事把伊阿宋的动作、神态都描写得十分生动。描写美狄亚的帮助写得非常具体。让我读了一遍又一遍。

我觉得伊阿宋十分勇敢、聪明、机智。美狄亚十分善良、友好;国王非常凶恶,其他英雄们也非常聪明。我非常喜欢这些角色。我以后碰到问题,应该勇敢地去面对,去解决。

听到这儿,你一定也想去看看这本神奇的书了吧,那就快去翻一翻,读一读吧。

篇六:读《希腊神话故事》有感

《奥德修斯的故事》属于施瓦布所著《古希腊神话故事》之第二十七章。     特洛伊战争后,那些在战场上和归途中幸免于难的希腊英雄先后回到故乡。可是,只有拉厄耳忒斯的儿子,伊塔刻国王奥德修斯没有回来,命运女神又给他安排了一场奇特的遭遇。他久经漂泊后,来到俄奇吉亚岛。这是一座孤岛,岛上怪石嶙峋,满是参天大树。提坦巨人阿特拉斯的女儿,女仙卡吕普索,把他抢入山洞,愿意委身于他,作他的丈夫。女仙保证让他与天地同寿,而且永葆青春。奥德修斯却仍然忠于他的妻子珀涅罗珀。奥德修斯的忠贞感动了奥林匹斯圣山上的神衹,除海神波塞冬外,没有一个不同情他。海神与他有宿仇,不愿与他和解,但也不敢毁灭他,只是让他在归途中历经磨难,就是因为这个缘故,他才流落到这座偏僻的荒岛上。

神衹们商议后决定,卡吕普索必须释放奥德修斯。于是,雅典娜派神衹的使者赫耳墨斯来到地上,向这美丽的女仙传达宙斯的命令。赫耳墨斯强调说,宙斯的决定是不可违抗的。雅典娜也从奥林匹斯神山降落下来,来到伊塔刻岛。她隐去神衹

之身,变形为手执长矛的塔福斯人的国王门忒斯,进入奥德修斯的宫殿。

奥德修斯的宫中一片悲哀和混乱。美丽的珀涅罗珀和她的年轻的儿子忒勒玛科斯已不能成为宫殿的主人了。