Module 7 Unit 2 RobotsGrammar （被动语态复习）【自主学习】Task I Review the Passive Voice and fill in the table.英语中友物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的；被如态表示主语是动作的O被动语議S者助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构 成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。一各时态被动语态的构成（以动词do为例）项目现在一般时态进行时态完成时态过去将来am/is/are done was/we re done will/shall be doneam/is/are being done was/we re being donehave/has been done had been done will/shall been done过去将来should/wouldbe doneshould/ would have been done二.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词be 去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语 后“to仍要保留。1 We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired jn two day2 You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away .3 They should do it at once.It should be done at once.三.不定式的被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受而非发岀 时，不定式一般要采用被动形式忆be d67即.1lt is an honour for me to be asked ask to speak here.主语 She asked to be sent send to work in Xinjiang宾语3 He wanted the letter to be typed type at once.构成复合宾语 The books are not allowed to be taken take out of the room.构成复合谓语5 Are you going to the meeting to be helchold in the teachers office tomorrow定语6 She was too voundQ be assignefesign such work.状语不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done （袅示该动冷臭爰虽歪全句乏俞的一个被动动 作），在句中做主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合 宾语、复合谓语等，如 It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.（宾语））He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.（复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages（复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.（定语）五被动语态用法的难点与重点讲解注意点一由动词介词或副词构成的短语动 词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个 及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。如 agree to,ask for5 laugh at5 operate on5 listento5 look after,think of5 talk about put off5 thinkover,turn down,work out,turn out等。
The patient is being operated on - His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.注意点二在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等动词后作宾语 补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动 语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语，不 存在省略to的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.- He is often heard to play the guitar.注意点三当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中 应蒋其分剌变为nothing,nobody,no one祜主 语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如 They havent done anything to make the river clean.Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.x Nothing has been done to make the rivercleafi.注意点四有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当 它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表 示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主 动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有 write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。对 比 1 a.The books se//well.b.The books were sold out.2 a.The meat didn7 cook well.b.The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.注意点五一些不及物动词和短语没有被动语 态，如rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie ,take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。
The fire broke out in the capital building.When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun bad already risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.注意点六不定式的主动形式表示被动 1.在there be结构中。
There is no time to lose to be lost.2在n / pron be adj to do结构中 o常用的形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light.heavy,interestingimportant.expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous 等。
1 He is hard to convince.2 He is an impossible person to work with3在tooto do; enoughto.匸结构中。
如1 The problem is too difficult to work out to be worked out在withnto do结构中。（和逻辑主2 The house is big enough to live in.不及物动词要补出相应的介词语是主动关系）1 With nothing to do,he lay in bed.2 With so many rcises to do,I cant go to the cinema.5.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
I have a letter to type today.（I是 type的逻辑主语 ）对比Do you have any letter to be typed （you 不是type的逻辑主语）6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。
This is the best book to read for us / you to read 7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let出租，rent,hire,blame等o 1 The house is to let.2 I was to blame.【语法运用】Task II Practice 1 根据给出的提示，在横线处填入动词的正确形式。
1 The new bridge will have been comoleted complete by next month.2 The rooms are being painted paint now.3 When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had been sold out sell out.4 Which Ianguageis the mostwidely spoken speak in the world 5 The old man is ill.He must be sent must send to the hospital.6 This kind of shoes sells sell well.7 Look Some on e is dancing dance- 2.下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来 11 have a lot of homework to be donetonight.do 2 Is your history teacher listened Acarefullyin classto 3 Lei Fengs name 八 remembered by all Chinese people.is 4 The music fe sounded beautiful.5 By vvhojvas this new educational CD- ROM desigMcl