最新（2013秋）人教版八年级上册英语知识点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation一、重要短语归纳1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里 3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩 5.visit museums 参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为而学习 9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间11.taste good尝起来很好吃 e up出来,发生 13.of course当然 14.feel like给的感觉；感受到15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去 17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为19.one bowl of 一碗 20.the next day第二天 21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明 23.go on继续 24.take photos照相 25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下 27.have a good time玩得高兴enjoy oneselfhave great fun 二、惯用法1.buy sth.for sb./ buy sb.sth.为某人买某物2.taste adj.尝起来 3.lookadj.看起来4.nothingbut动词原形 除了之外什么都没有5.Seem（to be）adj.看起来6.arrive in大地点 / arrive at小地点 到达某地7.decide to do sth.决定去做某事8.try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 9.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事10.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 11.want to do sth.想去做某事 12.start doing sth.开始做某事14.stop doing sth.停止做某事 15.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 16.keep doing sth.继续做某事17.Why not do.sth.为什么不做呢18.soadj.that从句 如此以至于19.tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事三、词语辨析1.anywhere 与 somewhere 共同点两者都是不定副词。不同点anywhere，“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere，“在某处，到某处”，常用于肯定句。
I lost my key somewhere near here.2.与seem有关的句式1）seem 形容词 “看起来..” You seem happy today.1 / 112）seem to do sth.“似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold 3）It seems / seemed 从句 “看起来好像；似乎”.It seems that no one believe you.4）seem like .“好像，似乎..” It seems like a good idea.3.decide1）decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.2）decide 疑问词 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4.start与begin共同点start doing sth start to do sth.开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.不同点但以下几种情况不能用begin1）创办，开办 He started a new bookshop last month.2）机器开动 I cant start my car.3）出发，动身 I will start tomorrow morning.5.over（prep.）1）“多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）” more than如My father is over 40 years old.2）“在之上，与物体垂直且不接触”，与 under 相反。
如There is a map over the blackboard.3）“超过” I hear the news over the radio.4）“遍及” I want to travel all over the world.6.too many，too much，much too1）too many “太多”，后接可数名词复数。
如Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.2）too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语。
如We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.3）much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。
如The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.小结分辨三者的口诀 too much,much too,用法区别看后头 much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7.because1）because of 介词短语，“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。如He cant take a walk because of the rain.2）because 连词，“因为”，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。如I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.8.try to do sth.与try doing sth.try to do sth尽力做某事；try doing sth.尝试做某事。如I tried calling him,but no one answered.Im trying to learn English well9.forget to do sth.与forget doing sth.1）forget to do sth.忘记将要做的某事如Dont forget to close the window.别忘了关窗户。2）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事如I forget closing the window.我忘记已经关上窗户了。10.stop doing sth.与stop to do sth.1）stop to do sth.停下了去做另一件事如I stopped to eat。我停下来开始吃东西。2）stop doing sth.停止做某事如I stopped eating。我停止吃东西。11.something,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyonesomething,somebody,someone用于肯定句anything,anybody,anyone用于否定句、疑问句或条件句四、重要句子1.Where did you go on vacation你去哪里度假了1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如Where are you from Where does he live2）go on vacation“去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family.他要和家人一起度假。2.Did you buy anything special你买特别的东西了吗1）buy，vt，“购买”如It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱。2）buy sth.for sb.buy sb.sth.为某人买某物如My father bought me a bike.My father bought a bike for me.3）anything special“特别的东西”注意形容词修饰不定代词要后置如Do you want anything else你还想要其他什么吗3.We took quite a few photos there.1）take photos照相，拍照如Could you help me take some photos2）quite a few“相当多”，后加可数名词复数 quite a little“相当多”，后加不可数名词如There are quite a few people in the restaurant.There is quite a little water in the bottle.4.Everything tasted really good.所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃。taste，连系动词，“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。如The food tastes really great.与之类似的词sound（听起来）,feel（摸起来）,look（看起来）。5.How did you like it你觉得它怎么样用来询问对方的观点或看法。What did you think of itHow did you feel about it6.Did you go shopping你们去购物吗go shopping“去购物”拓展go doing“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。如go climbing ; go skating 去滑冰; go hiking ; go sightseeing ; go fishing ; go boating（去划船）7.I went to a friends farm in the country with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。a friends farm是名词所有格形式，“一个朋友的农场”。拖展名词的所有格名词的所有格主要表示所属关系，它有两种构成方式，即-s 所有格和 of 所有格一）s格的用法 1）主要用于有生命的名词，其所有格构成为单数名词后加s； 复数名词以s作结尾的后加，不以s作结尾的后加s。总结复数名词以s结尾加，其他都加s如Toms dog,my brothers books,Marys boyfriend,sheeps skin,your bossdecision.2）用于表示时间，距离，地点，团体，重量，价格这六类无生命名词的所有格，也要加s表示所有，如 a days work一天的工作，two miles distance两英里的距离,ten dollars worth,five miles distance,twenty pounds weight，Beijings future,the governments decision，Japans industry，the earthplants.3）所有格的一个特殊形式共有物，只在最后一个名词的后面加s，即“共有物，最后加”； 不共有，则每个名词之后都要加s，即“各自有，各自加”；如Bill and Hillarys house.Bill和Hillary共有的房子Bills and Hillarys housesBill和Hillary各自的房子4）所有格的省略表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法，如 the barbers.my sisters,the tailors.二）of所有格的用法主要用于无生命的名词，其所有格构成为 “of名词”的结构。如a map of China8.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。nothing adj to do “没什么事可做”如I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我没有什么特殊的事要做。拓展nothing but“只有，除..之外什么也没有”； have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”have no chance but to do sth.如I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看电视了。9.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人看起来无聊。1）Seem可作不及物动词或连系动词，“好像，似乎，看来”如Everything seems easy.拓展Seem的用法seem 形容词 “看起来..” You seem happy today.seem to do sth.“似乎、好像做某事” I seem to have a cold It seems / seemed 从句 “看起来好像；似乎”.It seems that no one believe you.seem like .“好像，似乎..” It seems like a good idea.2）bored,boring辨析Bored “厌倦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人，作表语。Boring“无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的”，一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。如Im bored with what he said.I find the story very boring.10.What did Lisa say about...Say about“发表对...的看法”如I didt say anything about it.我对此事什么也没说。11.I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。1）arrive，vi，“到达”。2）arrive in大地点 ；arrive at小地点 “到达某地”如The books will arrive tomorrow.这些书明天到。
We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天就到北京了。
I arrived at the train station very early.12....so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。1）go to the beach去海滩 2decide，vt，“决定”，decided to do sth.“决定做某事”如They decide to visit the museum.13.I feel like I was a bird.It was so exciting.我感觉自己就像一只小鸟，太刺激了。feel like“给...的感觉，感受到”，，其后常接从句。如I feel like that I have never been there before.我感觉从来没到过那。feel like“想要”，，其后可接名词、代词、动名词。如Do you feel like a cup of tea now你现在想要喝茶吗14.I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。enjoy oneselfhave a good timehave great fun“玩的高兴，愉快”如I enjoyed myself at the party last night.I had a good time at the party last night.I had great fun at the party last night.15.What a difference a day makes一天的变化有多大啊本句是 what引导的感叹句。拓展感叹句的结构1）what a/an （adj）单数的可数名词 主语 谓语2）What （adj ）复数的可数名词/不可数名词 主语 谓语3）How adj/adv 主语 谓语如What a beautiful girl she is What hard work it is What many flowers there is What a pity16.We wanted to walk up to shop,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.我们想步行爬到山顶，但是天开始下起了小雨，因此我们决定乘火车去。1）Want to do sth.如I want to clean my bedroom.2）start doing sth start to do sth.开始，可与begin 互换 。如He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin创办，开办 He started a new bookshop last month.机器开动 I cant start my car.出发，动身 I will start tomorrow morning.3）a littleA little ,a bit区别a littlea可直接修饰不可数名词； b作副词短语，“一点儿”，在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。但a bit后要加of后才可接名词。not a littlevery much表示“非常”，但not a bit not at all表示“一点也不”如I can draw a little,but only as a hobby.我可以画一点儿画，但是仅仅是个爱好。
Its a little cold outside.外面有点冷。
He said he spoke a little English.他说他会说一点英语。4）take the train乘火车17.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。1）Wait for “等候”，其后可接人或物。如I ll wait for you at the door.Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over（prep.）a）“多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）” more than如My father is over 40 years old.b“在之上，与物体垂直且不接触”，与 under 相反。
如There is a map over the blackboard.c）“超过” I hear the news over the radio.d）“遍及” I want to travel all over the world.3）too many，too much，much tooa）too many “太多”，后接可数名词复数。
如Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.b）too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语。
如We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.c）much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词。
如The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.小结分辨三者的口诀 too much,much too,用法区别看后头 much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。18.My father didnt bring enough money.我爸爸没带足够的钱。1）bring、takeBring“带来，拿来”如Dont forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.不要忘了明天吧你的作业带到这来Take“带走，拿走”如We will take the students to the museum.我们将带学生到博物馆去2）enougha）形容词，“足够的，充分的”，作定语修饰名词如We have enough time to do our homework.b）副词，“足够地，充分地”，用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后如I know him well enough我对他足够熟悉。19.Why not为什么不呢Why not do sth.为什么不做某事呢如Why not go to the party with me Why dont you go to the party with me20.Twenty minutes later,the sun started to come up.20分钟后，太阳开始升起来了。Come up“出现，发生”如Please let me know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，请让我知道。21.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的双腿太累了，以至于我都想停下来。Sothat“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，句中的so是副词，常常用该修饰形容词或副词。拓展So that 引导目的状语从句，“以便，为了”如He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus.五、语法专项1.复合不定代词 定义a复合不定代词由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词。即复合不定代词something,somebody,someone;anything,anybody,anyone;nothing,nobody,no one;everything,everybody,everyoneb 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。用法1 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。如Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired.没有一个人很累。
There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。2指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he,him,his 不一定指男性。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they,them,their.如If anybody /anyone comes,ask him /them to wait.要是有人来，让他等着。3anyone,everyone,someone,no onea只能指人，不能指物;b且其后一般不接of 短语。c若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one,every one 即分开写。考点要求1自身的意义以及对句式的要求构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中；any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句；no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义；every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。2主谓一致性关系复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。如错Everybody in our class are interested in English.对Everybody in our class is interested in English.3定语后置关系对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。如错I have important something to tell you.对I have something important to tell you.4none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。如错He is new here,so none knows him.对He is new here,so no one knows him.错Nobody of them has been to England before.对None of them has been to England before..5代换复合不定代词的人称代词在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时，用they代换；表物时，用it代换。如Something is wrong with your computer,isnt itNobody has been there before,have they注意熟记以下短语搭配1.anything but 并不，一点也不 2.nothing but仅仅...；只不过...只有3.something/anything of（略有；多少）4.much of（大有）5.nothing/ little of（全无；毫无）6.something like（似乎；略微）如He is something of a philosopher.他略具哲学家风范。He has seen something of life.他略具阅历。He is very much of a poet.他大有诗人气派。He is nothing of a musician.他全无音乐家的风味。He is little of a scholar.他几无学者风度。It shaped something like a cigar.其形状略似雪茄。Hes anything but diligent.他并不用功。The boy is nothing but a rascal.这个男孩是个小淘气。
There was nothing but silence in the room.这间屋内声息全无，一片寂静补充1.second to none独一无二的 2.all to nothing一定3.for nothing徒劳，免费 4.be nothing to对.....无所谓5.to say nothing of更谈不到....6.go for nothing白费；没有价值7.have nothing to do but do sth.只能做...8.there is nothing to do sth.没什么好...11.nothing but仅仅...；只不过...；只有 12.nothing if not非常...e to nothing没有结果；失败 14.think nothing of认为...算不了什么15.have nothing to do with和...无关 16.there is nothing in it.那根本没有道理21.anything but 并不，一点也不 如Hes anything but diligent.他并不用功。22.nothing adj to do “没什么事可做”如I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我没有什么特殊的事要做。23.nothing but“只有，除..之外什么也没有”；24.have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”have no chance but to do sth.如I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。
I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看电视了。2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词1）规则变化直接加edwork-- worked以e结尾的单词，直接加dlive ---lived以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为i加edstudy---studied以元音字母y结尾的，直接加edenjoy ---enjoyed以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母ed stop---stopped2）不规则变化现在式过去式中文意思现在式过去式中文意思am,iswas是maymight可能arewere是meanmeant意思是becomebecame变成meetmet遇见，见面beginbegan开始mustmust必须，应该buildbuilt建筑putput放buybought买readread阅读cancould可以riderode琦catchcaught抓住runran跑comecame来saysaid说cutcut切seesaw看见digdug挖sellsold卖do,doesdid做sendsent发送drawdrew画画setset放置drinkdrank喝shakeshook摇晃drivedrove驾驶shallshould应该eatate吃shineshone照耀fallfell落下showshowed表现，表演feedfed喂养s